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Suicide is a complex phenomenon that is now considered understood as a neurodevelopmental condition encompassing childhood experiences as well as proximal conditions such as mental disorders and adverse life events. Individuals in crisis may face overwhelming psychological pain, which in some cases may overcome the threshold of each unique individual for whom suicide is considered the best option to deal with such pain. However, many socio-demographic, personal, or temperamental variables have been investigated for their causal association with suicide risk, but to date no single factor has clearly demonstrated an association with suicide. The mental disorders most frequently associated with suicide risk include bipolar disorders and major unipolar depression, substance use disorders and schizophrenia. However, anxiety, personality, eating, and trauma-related disorders, as well as organic mental disorders, also contribute to suicidal risk. Moreover, in modern society, the presence of social uncertainty, the changes in family models, the development of social media, and the loss of face-to-face interaction can have an impact on suicide risk, particularly in the younger generation.

demoralization --- schizophrenia --- suicide risk --- suicide suicidality personality disorder --- borderline personality disorder --- self-harm --- psychodynamic psychotherapy --- integrative --- suicide --- therapeutic alliance --- countertransference --- hope --- antipsychotics --- depression --- bipolar --- affective temperament --- violent suicide --- aggressive behaviors --- bipolar disorder --- mood disorders --- suicidal --- mortality --- anhedonia --- PTSD --- suicidal behavior --- suicidal ideation --- suicide attempt --- meaning in life --- suicide protective factors --- rational suicide --- old age --- late life --- aging --- ageism --- CMV --- cytomegalovirus --- biomarker --- antibodies --- review

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This book is a collection of scientific papers concerning multilevel inverters examined from different points of view. Many applications are considered, such as renewable energy interface, power conditioning systems, electric drives, and chargers for electric vehicles. Different topologies have been examined in both new configurations and well-established structures, introducing novel and particular modulation strategies, and examining the effect of modulation techniques on voltage and current harmonics and the total harmonic distortion.

total harmonic distortion (THD) --- imperialist competitive algorithm --- fault detection --- automatic current balance --- small signal modeling --- phase-shifted PWM --- voltage balance control --- parasitic switching states --- multi-terminal DC network (MTDC) --- DC-link capacitor voltage balancing --- high efficiency drive --- modular multilevel converters --- DC-link voltage balancing --- power factor correction --- selected harmonic elimination --- Continuous Wavelet Transform --- power flow analysis --- T-type inverter --- electrical drives --- modular multilevel converter (MMC) --- computational cost --- fault location --- voltage imbalance --- DC-link capacitor design --- multilevel active-clamped converter --- dc-link capacitor voltage balance --- voltage ripple --- commutation --- model predictive control (MPC) --- voltage fluctuation --- multi-motor drive --- Balance of capacitor voltage --- on-board battery charger --- single-phase three-level NPC converter --- Suppression of CMV --- redundant switching combination --- ACTPSS --- model predictive control --- three-loop --- finite control set model predictive control --- current estimation --- five-level --- fault-tolerant control --- offset voltage injection --- harmonic component --- current unmeasurable areas --- LC filter --- computational burden --- interleaved buck --- three-level converter --- IGBT short-circuit --- SVPWM --- harmonic --- DC side fault blocking --- three-phase to single-phase cascaded converter --- single shunt resistor --- buck-chopper --- power factor --- modulation techniques --- modular multilevel converters (MMC) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator --- sorting networks --- alternating current (AC) motor drive --- space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) --- open end winding motor --- minimum voltage injection (MVI) method --- transmission line --- shift method --- genetic algorithm --- electric vehicle --- active filter --- NPC/H Bridge --- battery energy storage system (BESS) --- digital controller --- neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter --- motor drive --- hybrid modulated model predictive control --- level-shifted PWM --- optimal output voltage level --- Phase Disposition PWM --- open-end winding configuration --- modular multilevel converter --- multilevel power converters --- simplified PWM strategy --- MMC-MTDC --- tolerance for battery power unbalance --- three-level neutral point clamped inverter (NPCI) --- real time simulator --- harmonic mitigation --- reverse prediction --- multilevel inverters --- field-programmable gate array --- current reconstruction method --- digital signal processors (DSP) --- three-level boost --- multilevel converter --- improved PQ algorithm --- low-harmonic DC ice-melting device --- PV-simulator --- total harmonic distortion --- voltage balancing --- Sub-module (SM) fault --- DC–DC conversion --- smart grid --- Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMI) --- dynamic reactive --- field-oriented control --- capacitor voltage balancing --- energy saving --- high reliability applications --- three-phase inverter --- substation’s voltage stability --- three-level boost DC-DC converter --- power quality --- T-type converter --- voltage source inverter --- state-of-charge (SOC) balancing control --- multi-point DC control --- predictive control --- Differential Comparison Low-Voltage Detection Method (DCLVDM)

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It is difficult to imagine a modern society without rotating electric machines. Their use has been increasing not only in the traditional fields of application but also in more contemporary fields, including renewable energy conversion systems, electric aircraft, aerospace, electric vehicles, unmanned propulsion systems, robotics, etc. This has contributed to advances in the materials, design methodologies, modeling tools, and manufacturing processes of current electric machines, which are characterized by high compactness, low weight, high power density, high torque density, and high reliability. On the other hand, the growing use of electric machines and drives in more critical applications has pushed forward the research in the area of condition monitoring and fault tolerance, leading to the development of more reliable diagnostic techniques and more fault-tolerant machines. This book presents and disseminates the most recent advances related to the theory, design, modeling, application, control, and condition monitoring of all types of rotating electric machines.

core saturation --- cross-coupling inductance --- wound synchronous machines (WSM) --- signal injection --- position sensorless --- high-frequency model --- hybrid permanent magnet --- interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine --- magnet-axis-shifted --- reluctance torque --- Sensorless --- induction motors --- H_infinity --- drives --- vector control --- experimental implementation --- direct torque control --- duty cycle control --- harmonic currents --- six-phase induction motor --- torque ripple --- interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) --- sensorless control --- adaptive algorithm --- super-twisting sliding mode observer (STO) --- phase-locked loop (PLL) --- permanent-magnet vernier machine --- in-wheel direct-drive --- outer rotor --- overhang --- soft magnetic composite --- reaction sphere --- spherical motor --- structural design --- torque density optimization --- support vector machines --- finite element method --- induction motor --- smart-sensor --- stray flux --- time-frequency transforms --- wavelet entropy --- harmonic modeling method --- magnetic-geared machine --- hybrid electric vehicle --- magnetic field --- electromagnetic performance --- analytical modeling --- brushless DC motor --- commutation torque ripple --- back electromotive force --- multiphase machines --- fault-tolerance --- dual-channel --- brushless direct current motor with permanent magnet (BLDCM) --- switched reluctance motor (SRM) --- active flux --- stator flux observation --- super-twisting sliding-mode stator flux observer (STSMFO) --- deep-bar effect --- mathematical model --- estimation --- motor drives --- direct torque control (DTC) --- permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) --- maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation --- DTC with space-vector modulation (DTC-SVM) --- AFPMSM --- analytical algorithm --- vibration noise --- temperature field analysis --- SynRM --- irreversible demagnetization --- PMa-SynRM --- flux intensifying --- deadbeat current control --- PMSM servo motor drives --- auto tuning --- parameter identification --- periodic controller --- surface permanent magnet synchronous motor --- fault-tolerant system --- multi-channel --- quad-channel operation (QCO) --- triple-channel operation (TCO) --- dual-channel operation (DCO) --- single-channel operation (SCO) --- permanent magnet brushless direct current motor --- BLDCM --- double Fourier analysis --- current spectrum decomposition --- eddy current loss --- permanent magnet machine design --- cogging torque --- permanent magnet machine --- uneven magnets --- IPMSM --- uncertainty and disturbance estimator --- flux-weakening control --- double-cage induction motor --- improvement of motor reliability --- cage winding constructions --- direct start-up --- coupled electromagnetic-thermal model --- outer rotor inductor --- electric vehicle --- high-efficiency --- eco-friendly --- automation --- finite element analysis --- PMSM --- DOE --- optimization --- metamodeling --- adaptive robust control --- energy feedback --- particle swarm optimization --- torque optimal distribution method --- multiphase electric drives --- six-phase machines --- finite control set model predictive control --- predictive current control --- predictive torque control --- high frequency square-wave voltage --- interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) --- magnetic polarity detection --- rotor position estimation --- characteristics analysis --- fault detection --- stator fault --- rotor fault --- torque estimation --- finite control set mode predictive control --- duty cycle --- maximum torque per ampere --- permanent magnet synchronous motor --- acoustics --- boundary element method --- electric machines --- magneto-mechanics --- modeling --- noise --- vibro-acoustics --- efficiency --- line-start synchronous reluctance motor --- permanent magnet --- power factor --- multiphase --- induction --- motor --- space harmonics --- time harmonics --- injection --- high-speed permanent synchronous motor --- magnetic field characteristic --- iron loss --- stator structure --- online parameters estimation --- permanent magnet synchronous machines --- synchronous reluctance machines --- high frequency signal injection --- CMV --- modulation techniques --- PWM --- railway traction drives --- induction motor drives --- high-speed drives --- overmodulation and six-step operation --- electrical motors --- sot filling factor --- optimization algorithm --- windings --- magnetic wire --- filling factor optimization --- electric drive --- transmission shaft --- electric transmission line --- electrical and mechanical similarities --- kinematic structure --- equivalent circuit --- mathematical modelling --- failure --- detection --- diagnosis --- BLDC --- brushless --- systematic review --- rotor position --- BLDC motor --- sensor misalignment --- sizing methodology --- electrical machines --- thermal model --- electromagnetic model --- switched reluctance motor --- torque sharing functions --- firing angle modulation --- autonomous systems --- brushless synchronous generator --- electric power generation --- high speed generator --- high resistance connection --- fault-detection --- fault-tolerant control --- six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines --- field-oriented control