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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

conservation --- protection --- cleaning --- diagnostics --- consolidants --- corrosion --- coatings --- paintings

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China’s coal, mined locally and available at a relatively low cost, has brought enormous benefits to energy consumers in China and to those outside the country who enjoy the products of its coal-based economy. Yet from another perspective, China’s coal use has a high cost. Despite progress, health and safety in the thousands of small coal mines lag far behind the standards achieved in China’s modern, large mines. Environmental degradation is a real and pressing problem at all stages of coal production, supply and use. Adding to these burdens, emissions of carbon dioxide are of concern to the Chinese government as it embarks on its own climate protection strategy. Technology solutions are already transforming the way coal is used in China and elsewhere. This study explores the context in which the development and deployment of these technologies can be accelerated. Providing a large amount of new data, it describes in detail the situation in China as well as the experiences of other countries in making coal cleaner. Above all, the report calls for much greater levels of collaboration – existing bi-lateral and multi-lateral co-operation with China on coal is found lacking. China’s growing openness presents many commercial opportunities. Establishing a global market for cleaner coal technologies is key to unlocking the potential of technology – one of ten major recommendations made in this study.

Energy --- Clean coal technologies --- Coal trade --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Chemical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental aspects --- International cooperation --- China, People’s Republic --- Coal --- Cleaning --- Caustobioliths --- Fossil fuels --- Charbon

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Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of what factors affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Recent OECD work based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households across a number of countries and areas represents a breakthrough by providing a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. This publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011 in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and households’ characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues.   The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments.  This book is a milestone for all those interested by the challenging question of ways to promote greener behaviour, from policy makers to individual citizens.  

Environment --- Sustainable living --- Environmental policy. --- House cleaning --- Government policy. --- Environmental aspects. --- Dwellings --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Ecological living --- Green living --- Living, Sustainable --- Cleaning --- Government policy --- Sanitation, Household --- Environmental auditing --- Alternative lifestyles --- Environmentalism --- Green movement

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Waste products --- Déchets --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- -#A9809A --- Discarded materials --- Disposal of refuse --- Garbage --- Household waste --- Household wastes --- Rubbish --- Solid waste management --- Trash --- Waste disposal --- Waste management --- Wastes, Household --- Sanitation --- Factory and trade waste --- Pollution --- Pollution control industry --- Salvage (Waste, etc.) --- Street cleaning --- Déchets --- #A9809A --- European Union countries --- Environmental aspects --- Refuse and refuse disposal - Law and legislation - Europe

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Rapid population growth, high standards of living, and technological development are constantly increasing the diversity and quantity of solid waste. The production of solid municipal waste associated with the high proportion of organic waste and its improper disposal lead to considerable environmental pollution due to the emission of greenhouse gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, etc. In such a challenging environment, municipal authorities need to develop more effective solutions to manage the growing urban solid waste. Most of the municipal solid waste mainly constitutes degradable materials, which represent a significant role in greenhouse gas emissions in urban localities. Integrated solid waste management approaches must be developed and improved to manage the increasing organic fractions of municipal solid waste, which helps to reduce greenhouse emissions with potential economic benefits. A sustainable management of municipal solid waste systems constitutes a promising and attractive trend to study current consumption behaviors responsible for waste generation, and to protect the global ecosystem. This book presents the management of municipal of solid waste, including recycling and landfill technologies. Moreover, composition and types of waste will be investigated. As a result, the most appropriate and feasible scenarios for the management of municipal solid waste are presented to provide the respected readership with the scientific background for sustainable development in these processes, which are increasingly supported by innovative methodologies for holistic assessment of process sustainability.

Refuse and refuse disposal. --- Discarded materials --- Disposal of refuse --- Garbage --- Household waste --- Household wastes --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Rubbish --- Solid waste management --- Trash --- Waste disposal --- Waste management --- Wastes, Household --- Sanitation --- Factory and trade waste --- Pollution --- Pollution control industry --- Salvage (Waste, etc.) --- Street cleaning --- Waste products --- Environmental aspects --- Life Sciences --- Waste Management --- Environmental Sciences --- Solid Waste