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The present thesis deals with large deformation contact problems of flexible bodies in the field of nonlinear elastodynamics. Special emphasis will be placed on a consistent spatial and temporal discretization. For the spatial discretization of the underlying bodies, the finite element method will be used. For the contact boundaries the collocation type node-to-surface method as well as the variationally consistent Mortar method will be applied.
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Knowledge, new concepts, and theoretical and experimental studies on coatings of implant and bone surfaces have been explained. Recent advancements in coating methods and materials for surface coating have both been extensively shown. Research on the use of modified implants and bone can be viewed through this paper. Improved understanding of the processes underpinning greater functionality will result from this issue.
Medicine --- curcumin --- high glucose --- osteogenesis --- bone formation --- diabetic osteoporosis --- cell survival --- cell migration assay --- calcium silicate-based cements --- calcium nodule formation --- bone substitute --- sinus floor augmentation --- maxillary tuberosity --- blood clotting --- dental implants --- hydrophilicity --- titanium --- ultraviolet rays --- bone morphogenetic protein 4 --- cell differentiation --- cellular spheroids --- gingiva osteogenesis --- stem cells --- titanium mesh --- bone graft --- guided bone regeneration --- ridge augmentation --- surface topography --- bacterial adhesion --- biomimetics --- soft lithography --- surface modification --- anti-bacterial agents --- calcium phosphate --- guided tissue regeneration --- membranes --- calcium sulfate --- dental implant --- sinus lift --- bioactive materials --- bioactive ceramic --- bioactive glass --- nanohydroxyapatite --- sol-gel process
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Many recent studies on medical image processing have involved the use of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). This special issue, “Machine Learning/Deep Learning in Medical Image Processing”, has been launched to provide an opportunity for researchers in the area of medical image processing to highlight recent developments made in their fields with ML/DL. Seven excellent papers that cover a wide variety of medical/clinical aspects are selected in this special issue.
pancreas --- segmentation --- computed tomography --- deep learning --- data augmentation --- neoplasm metastasis --- ovarian neoplasms --- radiation exposure --- tomography --- x-ray computed --- prostate carcinoma --- microscopic --- convolutional neural network --- machine learning --- handcrafted --- oral carcinoma --- medical image segmentation --- colon cancer --- colon polyps --- OCT --- optical biopsy --- animal rat models --- CADx --- airway volume analysis --- artificial intelligence --- coronary artery disease --- SPECT MPI scans --- convolutional neural networks --- transfer learning --- classification models --- n/a
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered phytoremediation ecotechnologies. Herein, the two main biotic components, namely, plants and the bacterial community, work synergistically to remove a wide range of pollutants from wastewater. CWs have been used as sole treatment systems or as integrated modules within other types of wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs), e.g., as tertiary treatment units. This Special Issue and Book gathers and appraises recent research outcomes regarding natural wetlands (i.e., mangroves) and engineered wetlands (constructed/floating systems), and highlights the underlying pollutant-degradation pathways and mechanisms for a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants.
phytoremediation --- heavy metal --- aquatic plants --- floating aquatic plants --- wastewater treatment --- floating treatment wetlands --- Cyperus laevigatus L --- diesel oil --- plant-bacteria synergism --- toxicity --- bio-augmentation --- dye degradation --- bacteria --- Phragmites australis --- acetaminophen --- mangrove sediments --- biodegradation --- aerobic conditions --- anaerobic conditions --- water --- plants --- microbes --- pollutants --- textile effluent --- hydroponic root mats --- plant-bacteria partnership --- detergents --- wastewater --- livestock wastewater --- Typha latifolia L. --- V-SSF systems --- total nitrogen --- COD --- total suspended solids --- constructed wetlands --- agricultural runoff --- chemicals of emerging concern --- veterinary antibiotics --- antibiotic resistant genes --- n/a
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Neuromechanics has been used to identify optimal rehabilitation protocols that successfully improve motor deficits in various populations, such as elderly people and individuals with neurological diseases (e.g., stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and essential tremor). By investigating structural and functional changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems based on neuromechanical theories and findings, we can expand our knowledge regarding underlying neurophysiological mechanisms and specific motor impairment patterns before and after therapies to further develop new training programs (e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation). Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to present the main contributions of researchers and rehabilitation specialists in biomechanics, motor control, neurophysiology, neuroscience, and rehabilitation science. The current collection provides new neuromechanical approaches addressing theoretical, methodological, and practical topics for facilitating motor recovery progress.
Public health & preventive medicine --- obesity --- gait --- adaptation --- rehabilitation --- resistance training --- arterial stiffness --- pulse wave velocity --- augmentation index --- H:M ratio --- Thomas test --- vertical jump --- Idiopathic Toe Walking --- fall risk --- foot contact dynamics --- foot initial contact --- push-off --- bilateral deficit --- postmenopausal --- hand-grip strength --- dominant hand --- pulse wave analysis --- chronic stroke --- bimanual movement --- bimanual force control --- affect --- physical fitness --- dance-based group exercise --- wearable technology --- smartwatch --- postural stability --- older adults --- stepping on a stair --- time to stabilization --- sedentary behavior --- core stabilization training --- neuromuscular properties --- muscle function --- knee --- neuromuscular control --- force control --- variability --- complexity --- asymmetry --- n/a
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Recent advances in information technology have brought forth a paradigm shift in science, especially in the biology and medical fields. Statistical methodologies based on high-performance computing and big data analysis are now indispensable for the qualitative and quantitative understanding of experimental results. In fact, the last few decades have witnessed drastic improvements in high-throughput experiments in health science, for example, mass spectrometry, DNA microarray, next generation sequencing, etc. Those methods have been providing massive data involving four major branches of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics). Information about amino acid sequences, protein structures, and molecular structures are fundamental data for the prediction of bioactivity of chemical compounds when screening drugs. On the other hand, cell imaging, clinical imaging, and personal healthcare devices are also providing important data concerning the human body and disease. In parallel, various methods of mathematical modelling such as machine learning have developed rapidly. All of these types of data can be utilized in computational approaches to understand disease mechanisms, diagnosis, prognosis, drug discovery, drug repositioning, disease biomarkers, driver mutations, copy number variations, disease pathways, and much more. In this Special Issue, we have published 8 excellent papers dedicated to a variety of computational problems in the biomedical field from the genomic level to the whole-person physiological level.
water temperature --- bathing --- ECG --- heart rate variability --- quantitative analysis --- t-test --- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy --- data mining --- automated curation --- molecular mechanisms --- atrial fibrillation --- sudden cardiac death --- heart failure --- left ventricular outflow tract obstruction --- cardiac fibrosis --- myocardial ischemia --- compound–protein interaction --- Jamu --- machine learning --- drug discovery --- herbal medicine --- data augmentation --- deep learning --- ECG quality assessment --- drug–target interactions --- protein–protein interactions --- chronic diseases --- drug repurposing --- maximum flow --- adenosine methylation --- m6A --- RNA modification --- neuronal development --- genetic variation --- copy number variants --- disease-related traits --- sequential order --- association test --- blood pressure --- cuffless measurement --- longitudinal experiment --- plethysmograph --- nonlinear regression --- n/a --- compound-protein interaction --- drug-target interactions --- protein-protein interactions
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This Special Issue of "Nanostructural Materials with Rare Earth Ions: Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, Modification and Applications" is related to studies of nanometer-sized materials doped and co-doped with rare earth ions and the creation of periodically ordered nanostructures based on single nanoparticles. A small particle size implies a high sensitivity and selectivity. These new effects and possibilities are mainly due to the quantum effects resulting from the increasing ratio of surface-to-volume atoms in low-dimensional systems. An important factor in this context is the design and fabrication of nanocomponents displaying new functionalities and characteristics for the improvement of existing materials, including photonic materials, conductive materials, polymers and biocomposites. With this concept in mind, the aim of the Special Issue is to publish research on innovative materials and their applications.Topics to be covered in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following: Technology and applications of nanomaterials with rare earth ions; Advanced physicochemical properties, characterization and modification of nanomaterials with rare earth ions; Novel active materials, especially organic and inorganic materials, nanocrystalline materials, nanoceramics doped and co-doped with rare-earth ions with bio-related and emerging applications; Magnetic properties of nano-sized rare-earth compounds; Applications of nano-sized rare-earth-doped and co-doped optical materials.
calcium hydroxyapatite nanopowders --- rare earth ions --- poly(L-lactide) --- nanocomposites --- twin screw extrusion --- SmS --- EuS --- semiconductor-metal transition --- structural properties --- piezoresistivity --- interdiffusion --- rare earths --- thin films --- diphosphates --- up-conversion --- theranostics --- β-tricalcium diphosphate(V) --- Ce3+ and Pr3+ ions co-doping --- poly(l-lactide) --- stem cells --- nanomaterials --- bone augmentation --- nanohydroxyapatite --- Cu2+ ions --- ozonated olive oil --- hydroxyapatite --- antimicrobial activity --- microorganisms --- spectroscopy --- nanocrystallites --- silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite --- Eu3+ and Sr2+ ion co-doping --- microwave-assisted hydrothermal method --- lanthanides --- luminescence --- nitrogen-rich ligand --- phosphate sensing --- quenching --- dental nanomaterials --- dental implants --- endodontics --- prosthetic --- ozone --- orthodontics --- brackets --- wires --- antimicrobial effect --- apatite --- europium ions --- cooper ions --- photoluminescence spectroscopy --- EPR spectroscopy --- n/a
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The classification of human action or behavior patterns is very important for analyzing situations in the field and maintaining social safety. This book focuses on recent research findings on recognizing human action patterns. Technology for the recognition of human action pattern includes the processing technology of human behavior data for learning, technology of expressing feature values of images, technology of extracting spatiotemporal information of images, technology of recognizing human posture, and technology of gesture recognition. Research on these technologies has recently been conducted using general deep learning network modeling of artificial intelligence technology, and excellent research results have been included in this edition.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- human action recognition --- graph convolution --- high-order feature --- spatio-temporal feature --- feature fusion --- dynamic gesture recognition --- multi-modalities network --- class regularization --- 3D-CNN --- spatiotemporal activations --- class-specific features --- Dynamic Hand Gesture Recognition --- human-computer interaction --- hand shape features --- pose estimation --- stacked hourglass network --- deep learning --- convolutional receptive field --- hand gesture recognition --- human–machine interface --- artificial intelligence --- feedforward neural networks --- spatio-temporal image formation --- human activity recognition --- fusion strategies --- transfer learning --- activity recognition --- data augmentation --- multi-person pose estimation --- partitioned centerpose network --- partition pose representation --- continuous hand gesture recognition --- gesture spotting --- gesture classification --- multi-modal features --- 3D skeletal --- CNN --- spatiotemporal feature --- embedded system --- real-time --- action recognition --- Long Short-Term Memory --- spatio–temporal differential --- n/a --- human-machine interface --- spatio-temporal differential
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Recent advances in electronics have led to sensors whose sizes and weights are such that they can be placed on living systems without impairing their natural motion and habits. They may be worn on the body as accessories or as part of the clothing and enable personalized mobile information processing. Wearable sensors open the way for a nonintrusive and continuous monitoring of body orientation, movements, and various physiological parameters during motor activities in real-life settings. Thus, they may become crucial tools not only for researchers, but also for clinicians, as they have the potential to improve diagnosis, better monitor disease development and thereby individualize treatment. Wearable sensors should obviously go unnoticed for the people wearing them and be intuitive in their installation. They should come with wireless connectivity and low-power consumption. Moreover, the electronics system should be self-calibrating and deliver correct information that is easy to interpret. Cross-platform interfaces that provide secure data storage and easy data analysis and visualization are needed.This book contains a selection of research papers presenting new results addressing the above challenges.
Medical equipment & techniques --- inertial measurement unit --- movement analysis --- long-track speed skating --- validity --- IMU --- principal component analysis --- wearable --- scoring --- carving --- balance assessment --- data augmentation --- gated recurrent unit --- human activity recognition --- one-dimensional convolutional neural network --- intermittent claudication --- vascular rehabilitation --- 6 min walking test --- functional walking --- TUG --- kinematics --- fall risk --- logistic regression --- elderly --- inertial sensor --- artificial intelligence --- supervised machine learning --- head rotation test --- neck pain --- cerebral palsy --- dystonia --- choreoathetosis --- machine learning --- home-based --- wearable device --- MLP --- gesture recognition --- flex sensor --- model search --- neural network --- inertial measurement unit—IMU --- movement complexity --- sample entropy --- trunk flexion --- low back pain --- lifting technique --- camera system --- ward clustering method --- K-means clustering method --- ensemble clustering method --- Bayesian neural network --- pain self-efficacy questionnaire --- n/a --- inertial measurement unit-IMU
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This book presents recent advances in the field of bone tissue engineering, including molecular insights, innovative biomaterials with regenerative properties (e.g., osteoinduction and osteoconduction), and physical stimuli to enhance bone regeneration.
Medicine --- bone --- collagen type I --- alginate --- conditioned medium --- viability --- MSC --- osteogenesis --- pulsed electromagnetic field --- osteogenic factors --- wool keratin scaffolds --- bone tissue engineering --- biocompatibility --- biomaterials --- bone augmentation --- bone conduction --- bone grafting --- calcium hydroxyapatite --- tissue regeneration --- dental implants --- osseointegration --- osteoporosis --- zoledronate --- animal model --- titanium membrane --- titanium foil --- occlusive titanium barrier --- guided bone regeneration --- osteoporotic condition --- xenograft --- bone regeneration --- titanium implants --- additive manufacturing --- reused powder --- unit cell topology --- tissue engineering --- mechanical properties --- stem cells --- surface functionalization --- titanium --- protein adsorption --- surface modifications --- cell interactions --- collagen hydrogel --- cell delivery --- olfactory ectomesenchyme stem cells --- bioactive glasses --- alkali-free --- sol–gel --- bone remodeling --- bone disorders --- biomechanics --- scaffolds --- microenvironment --- 3D bioprinting --- computational modeling --- bone implant --- bone defects --- chitosan --- degree of deacetylation --- bone formation --- X-ray micro CT --- histology --- sheep tibia
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