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Atrial fibrillation is a rapidly evolving epidemic associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence has increased over the past few decades. In the past few years, the recent understanding of the diverse mechanisms of this arrhythmia has lead to the improvement of our therapeutic strategies. However, many clinicians have still felt the frustration in management of this commonly encountered arrhythmia. This book contains a spectrum of different topics from bench to bedside in atrial fibrillation. We strongly believe that scientists, cardiologists and electrophysiologists will find this book very informative and useful and the references cited in each chapter will definitely act as an additional source of information for readers.

Atrial Fibrillation. --- Auricular fibrillation --- Atrial arrhythmias --- Cardiovascular medicine --- Atrial fibrillation.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

atrial fibrillation --- cardiac electrophysiology --- computer simulation --- computational modeling --- arrhythmia mechanisms

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This work provides methods to measure and analyze features of atrial electrograms - especially complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) - mathematically. Automated classification of CFAEs into clinical meaningful classes is applied and the newly gained electrogram information is visualized on patient specific 3D models of the atria. Clinical applications of the presented methods showed that quantitative measures of CFAEs reveal beneficial information about the underlying arrhythmia.

Classification --- Catheter Ablation --- Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms --- Atrial Fibrillation --- Signal Processing

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The atrial substrate undergoes electrical and structural remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Detailed multiscale models were used to study the effect of structural remodeling induced at the cellular and tissue levels. Simulated electrograms were used to train a machine-learning algorithm to characterize the substrate. Also, wave propagation direction was tracked from unannotated electrograms. In conclusion, in silico experiments provide insight into electrograms' information of the substrate.

Vorhofflimmern --- Fibrose --- maschinelles Lernen --- Bidomain --- Modellierung des Herzens --- atrial fibrillation --- fibrosis --- machine learning --- bidomain --- cardiac modeling

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In spite of the large volume of associated research, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atrial fibrillation (AF) onset and recurrence remain uncertain. This may explain why the performances of thromboembolic and bleeding prediction scores in AF patients are limited. In the past few years, the concept of atrial cardiopathy has emerged as a promising lead to connect AF to stroke, heart failure, and inflammatory processes: indeed, all of the mechanisms associated with atrial remodeling and the development of atrial cardiopathy are also likely to promote the development of AF. This recent concept of atrial cardiopathy suggests that the real trigger of stroke may be an abnormal atrial substrate rather than atrial rhythm itself. In this setting, AF could be seen as a symptom of atrial cardiopathy rather than a risk factor of stroke. In the absence of validated clinical markers of atrial cardiopathy, the search for the mechanism of AF remains the cornerstone of cardioembolic stroke prevention for now.The aim of this Special Issue is to gather basic research as well as pathophysiological and epidemiological papers focused on the relationship between atrial substrates and atrial fibrillation onset, recurrence, and outcomes.

postoperative atrial fibrillation --- biomarkers --- coronary artery bypass grafting --- miRNA --- circRNA --- mtDNA --- SNPs --- atrial fibrillation --- acute myocardial infarction --- heart rate variability --- autonomic nervous system --- bleeding risk --- age --- left atrial appendage closure --- coronary artery disease --- prognosis --- anticoagulation --- antiplatelet therapy --- hypertension --- elderly --- prevention --- ganglionated plexi --- ablation --- dementia --- early-onset --- n/a --- ischemic stroke --- risk factor --- new oral anticoagulants --- mitochondria --- cardiac remodeling --- pharmacotherapy --- electroporation --- pulsed field ablation --- cardiac --- heart --- arrhythmia --- NOAC --- VKA --- statin --- outcome --- mortality --- paroxysmal atrial fibrillation --- catheter ablation --- epicardial adipose tissue --- persistent atrial fibrillation --- posterior wall --- hybrid ablation --- convergent ablation --- atrial tachycardia --- mechanism --- spatiotemporal dispersion --- left atrial appendage occlusion --- BNP --- atrial remodeling --- atrial cardiopathy --- cardiac ablation --- irreversible electroporation