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Mit dem Vierjahresplan von 1936 unternahm die nationalsozialistische Führung den Versuch, den überkommenen Privatkapitalismus mit staatlicher Kommandowirtschaft zu vereinbaren. Beherrschendes Motiv war dabei der Gedanke der Autarkie - der Inbegriff der absoluten Souveränität des nationalen Machtstaates. Der Vierjahresplan sollte das Dritte Reich kriegsfähig machen. Er veränderte aber zugleich sowohl die politische wie die Wirtschafts-Verfassung Deutschlands. Die Untersuchung Dieter Petzinas hat die gesamte Komplexität dieses Themas zum Gegenstand und gibt einen Einblick sowohl in die Herrschaftsausübung des NS-Regimes wie in die besondere Gestaltung des Verhältnisses von Staat und Wirtschaft im Dritten Reich.

Self-reliant living. --- Economic policy. --- Germany --- Economic conditions. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Self-reliant lifestyle --- Self-sufficiency --- Alternative lifestyles --- Human ecology

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Developing growth strategies that promote greener lifestyles requires a good understanding of the factors that affect people’s behaviour towards the environment. Based on periodic surveys of more than 10 000 households, this publication presents responses from the most recent round of the OECD survey implemented in 2011, in 5 areas (energy, food, transport, waste and water) and 11 countries: Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. The survey provides a common framework to collect unique empirical evidence for better policy design. Analysis comparing the data across countries, policy conditions and household characteristics reveals which measures most effectively change behaviour. Each round of the survey also allows to track changes over time and to explore new emerging issues. The new survey confirms the importance of providing the right economic incentives for influencing our decisions. The findings indicate that “soft” measures such as labelling and public information campaigns also have a significant complementary role to play. Spurring desirable behaviour change requires a mix of these instruments. This edition completely replaces the previously posted 2013 edition.

Environment --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Households --- Energy consumption --- Sustainable living --- Economic aspectss --- Environmental aspects --- Ecological living --- Green living --- Living, Sustainable --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Alternative lifestyles --- Environmentalism --- Green movement --- Power resources --- Energy conservation --- Population --- Families --- Home economics

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Il est indispensable de bien comprendre les facteurs qui influencent les décisions des individus à l’égard de l'environnement si l’on veut élaborer des stratégies de croissance qui favorisent des modes de vie plus « verts ». Les récents travaux menés par l'OCDE à partir d’enquêtes périodiques auprès de plus de 10 000 ménages dans un certain nombre de pays et de domaines représentent un progrès décisif pour autant qu'ils apportent de nouveaux éclairages sur les mesures réellement efficaces. Cette publication présente une synthèse des données issues de la dernière enquête en date, axée sur cinq domaines (énergie, alimentation, transport, déchets et eau) et réalisée dans onze pays : Australie, Canada, Chili, Corée, Espagne, France, Israël, Japon, Pays-Bas, Suède et Suisse. La nouvelle enquête confirme l’importance de fournir les bonnes motivations pour influer sur nos décisions. Les résultats indiquent que les mesures telles que l’étiquetage et les campagnes d’information publique ont aussi un rôle significatif et complémentaire à jouer. Inciter un changement favorable de comportement demande un mélange de ces instruments.

Environmental policy -- Citizen participation. --- Environmental policy. --- Sustainable living -- Environmental aspects. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Environmental policy --- Sustainable living --- Citizen participation. --- Environmental aspects. --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Ecological living --- Green living --- Living, Sustainable --- Government policy --- Environmental auditing --- Alternative lifestyles --- Environmentalism --- Green movement

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Sustainable living. --- Vida sustentable. --- Housing. --- Vivienda. --- Sustainable development. --- Desarrollo sustentable. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Affordable housing --- Homes --- Houses --- Housing --- Housing needs --- Residences --- Slum clearance --- Urban housing --- City planning --- Dwellings --- Human settlements --- Ecological living --- Green living --- Living, Sustainable --- Alternative lifestyles --- Environmentalism --- Green movement --- Environmental aspects --- Social aspects

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We are not free from environmental risks that accompany the development of human societies. Modern economic development has accelerated environmental pollution, caused loss of natural habitats, and modified landscapes. These environmental changes have impacted natural systems: water and heat circulation, nutrient cycling, and biodiversity. These changes in natural systems degrade ecosystem services and subsequently increase environmental risks for humans. Environmental risks, therefore, are not only human health risks by pollution, climatic anomalies, and natural disasters, but also degradation of ecosystem services on which most people are relying for their lives. We cannot entirely eliminate the risks, because it is not possible to attain zero impact on the environment, but we need to find a mechanism that minimizes environmental risks for human sustainably. This is the idea of the interdisciplinary framework of “environmental risk management” theory, which advocates harmony between economic development and environmental conservation. Based on this theory, the Sustainable Living with Environmental Risk (SLER) programme, adopted by the Japanese Ministry of Education (MEXT) as one of its strategic programmes, has been training graduate students at the Yokohama National University, Japan, from 2009 to 2013 to become future environmental leaders who will take the initiative in reducing the level of environmental risks and in protecting natural resources in the developing nations of Asia and Africa. This book provides students and teachers of this new academic field with a comprehensive coverage of case studies of environmental risks and their practical management technologies not only in Japan but also in developing nations in Asia and Africa.

Sustainable living. --- Ecological living --- Green living --- Living, Sustainable --- Alternative lifestyles --- Environmentalism --- Green movement --- Environmental management. --- Sustainable development. --- Earth System Sciences. --- Environmental Management. --- Sustainable Development. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Environmental aspects --- Physical geography. --- Geography --- Earth System Sciences --- Environmental Management --- Sustainable Development --- Environmental Risk Management --- Sustainable Society --- Biodiversity and Environment --- Interdisciplinary Science --- Leadership Education --- Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks (SLER) --- Civil engineering. --- Climate change. --- Environmental sciences. --- Civil Engineering. --- Climate Change Management and Policy. --- Math. Appl. in Environmental Science.