Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Reducing Dietary Sodium and Improving Human Health" that was published in Nutrients.

Sodium. --- Alkali metals

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Salt (NaCl) is a key component of the human diet because it provides the sodium ion (Na+), an essential mineral for our body. Na+ regulates extracellular fluid volume and plays a key role in many physiological processes, such as the generation of nerve impulses. Na+ is lost continuously through the kidneys, intestine, and sweating. Thus, to maintain proper bodily balance, losses have to be balanced with foods containing this cation. The need for salt explains our ability to detect Na+ in foodstuffs: Na+ elicits a specific taste sensation called “salty”, and gustatory sensitivity to this cation is crucial for regulating its intake. Indeed, the widespread use of salt in food products for flavoring and to improve their palatability exploits our sense of taste for Na+. When consumed in excess, however, salt might be detrimental to health because it may determine an increase in blood pressure—a major risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. Understanding how salt taste works and how it affects food preference and consumption is therefore of paramount importance for improving human nutrition. This book comprises cutting-edge research dealing with salt taste mechanisms relevant for nutrition and health.

taste sensitivity --- taste thresholds --- food records --- food intake --- oral microbiota --- eating habits --- taste --- sodium taste --- renin --- angiotensin II --- angiotensinogen --- angiotensin-converting enzyme --- high-salt diet --- blood pressure --- doenjang --- soybean paste --- epithelial sodium channel --- sodium homeostasis --- amiloride --- salt deprivation --- short-term preference test --- salt --- TRPV1 gene --- rs806500 --- dietary --- biomarker --- elderly --- nutrigenetics --- salt taste perception --- taste threshold --- sodium chloride --- metabolic syndrome --- Mediterranean diet --- sodium receptor --- salt taste --- taste transduction --- Korean soy sauce --- kokumi --- umami --- salty --- chorda tympani --- amiloride-insensitive salt taste pathway --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Thin Safety Margin charts the history of SEFOR, a twenty-megawatt reactor that operated for three years in the rural Ozark Mountains of Arkansas as part of an internationally sponsored program designed to demonstrate the Doppler effect in plutonium-oxide-fueled fast reactors. Authors Jerry Havens and Collis Geren draw upon this history to assess the accidental explosion risk inherent in using fast reactors to reduce the energy industry's carbon dioxide emissions.If a sufficiently powerful fast-neutron explosion were to cause the containment of a reactor such as SEFOR's to fail, the reactor's radiotoxic plutonium fuel could vaporize and escape into the surrounding environment, resulting in a miles-wide swath of destruction. The demonstration that the Doppler effect could prevent limited runaway reactivity in the event of an accident or natural disaster proved a critical development in producing safe nuclear technology. But while SEFOR was hailed as a breakthrough in nuclear safety, Havens and Geren's examination of the project, including the partial SCRAM that occurred in late 1970, confirms experts' concerns regarding the limits of the Doppler effect and presents a compelling argument for caution in adopting fast reactors like SEFOR to reduce carbon emissions.

Sodium cooled reactors --- Liquid metal fast breeder reactors --- Breeder reactors --- Fast reactors --- Liquid metal cooled reactors --- Nuclear reactors --- Science: general issues

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide, increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality. Together with pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological approaches, such as nutrient intake modifications, play an important role in optimizing treatment. A link has been demonstrated between hypertension and body weight as well as dietary habits. The aim of this Special Issue is to improve the understanding of the relationships between some nutrients and hypertension, and of the effects of different dietary approaches on hypertension regulation from different points of view.

arterial stiffness --- rest raw material --- n/a --- Ojeoksan --- adhesion molecule --- cardiovascular risk factors --- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system --- menopause --- children --- Mediterranean Diet --- fat --- salt intake --- renal sympathetic nerve activity --- obesity --- atherosclerosis --- parathyroid function --- endothelial function --- blood pressure --- fish protein --- nitric oxide --- l-NAME --- pregnancy --- weight loss --- magnesium --- polyphenol --- sodium --- nutrition --- nitrite --- developmental programming --- potassium --- sodium intake --- elderly --- amino acids --- pulse wave velocity --- calcium intake --- electrolytes --- hesperidin --- salt-sensitivity --- cardiovascular remodeling --- inflammation --- vascular inflammation --- diet --- renal transporters --- tea secondary metabolites --- endothelium --- calcium --- vasodilation --- vitamin D --- meta-analysis --- fructose --- sympathetic activity --- physical activity --- reprogramming --- fish meal --- Post Exercise Hypotension --- high blood pressure --- cod --- hypertension --- humans --- oxidative stress

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The concept of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) encompasses novel kinds of medicines for human use that are based on genes, cells or tissues. These intend to offer not only regeneration, but complete functional recovery of diseased tissues and organs using different strategies. Gene therapy, cell therapy and tissue engineering are the main areas in which promising advanced therapies are emerging. The eye is a very complex organ whose main structures, the cornea and the retina, play a pivotal role in maintaining normal vision, as severe alterations in these tissues can lead to blindness. Ocular tissues are starting to benefit from ATMPs by fighting against the enormous complexity and devastating potential of many ocular diseases. However, developments arising from this field of work face important challenges related to vectors to deliver drugs and genetic material to target tissues, suitable biomaterials to prepare cell scaffolds and cell stemness, among others—not to mention the complicated legislation around ATMPs, the complexity in production and quality control and the absence of standardized protocols.The purpose of this Special Issue is to serve as an overview of the current progress in the application of cell and gene therapies, as well as tissue engineering to restore functionality in diseased ocular structures, and the challenges linked to reaching patients.

MPC polymer --- dry eye --- ocular surface --- lacrimal fluid --- mucin --- 3D bioprinting --- cornea --- retina --- ophthalmology --- tissue regeneration --- electrospinning --- conjunctiva --- decellularized tissue matrix --- small intestinal submucosa --- urinary bladder matrix --- polycaprolactone --- fiber --- tissue engineering --- stratification --- conjunctival epithelial cells --- hydrogel --- keratoplasty --- scaffold --- collagen --- advanced therapy medicinal product --- ATMP --- cell therapy --- gene therapy --- eye --- ocular --- regulatory --- marketing authorization --- double-crosslinking --- carbodiimide --- glutaraldehyde --- sodium metabisulfite --- sodium borohydride --- EDC/NHS --- stem cells --- retinal diseases --- optic nerve diseases --- cell replacement --- cell sources --- advanced therapies --- ocular mucosa --- blindness --- CLET --- limbal niche --- limbal stem cell --- LSCD --- mesenchymal stem cell transplantation --- MSCT --- corneal limbus --- decellularized xenograft --- recellularization --- mesenchymal stem cells --- n/a