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La boîte à outils recense des politiques, des modes de gouvernance et des instruments qui facilitent la conception et la mise en œuvre d'une gestion de l'eau en phase avec la Recommandation du Conseil de l'OCDE sur l'eau.

Water --- Pollution.

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In the European Union, poor air quality is the leading environmental cause of premature death and has a higher human cost than road accidents. Air pollution also causes lost days of work and high health and social costs, as it affects the most vulnerable groups of the population (children, the elderly, asthmatics and socio-economically disadvantaged people) to a greater extent. ). The emission and concentration of pollutants in the air, if on the one hand they are certainly linked to phenomena on a national and extra-national scale, on the other hand they show a significant local variability which is linked to economic-productive choices as well as to aspects social and other environmental components. In this perspective, the fight against pollution and the prevention of health risks are intimately linked and certainly constitute a priority to be pursued at the local, national and international level, through targeted policies that know how to find the right balance between compliance with the parameters of economic stability and the costs for the community deriving from the impact of pollutants on health.

Air --- Pollution.

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Inhalt dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung und Charakterisierung von Mikroreaktoren für die Kristallisation biologischer Makromoleküle, einem der Schlüsselprozesse in der aktuellen biotechnischen Forschung. Hauptziele waren die Bereitstellung neuartiger Technologieplattformen als kompakte wiederverwendbare Mikroreaktoren, deren physikalische und verfahrenstechnische Charakterisierung sowie die Überprüfung, inwieweit sich mikrostrukturierte Komponenten für den Einsatz in der Biokristallisation eignen. Die Entwicklung wurde hierbei in zwei Arbeitsabschnitte unterteilt: I Batch-Mikroreaktor zur temperaturkontrollierten Kristallisation im Batch-Betrieb; II Fluss-Mikroreaktor zur temperatur- und konvektionskontrollierten Kristallisation im kontinuierlichen Betrieb. Die thermische Charakterisierung der Mikroreaktoren umfasste die Analyse der Temperaturfelder und Erfassung dynamischer Parameter mithilfe von Pt-Dünnschichtsensoren und thermografischen Messungen. Die fluidischen Parameter wurden in Messungen zum Druckverlust, zur Verweilzeit- und Geschwindigkeitsverteilung ermittelt. 3D-FEM- bzw. CFD-Rechnungen dienten im Zuge der Designoptimierung zur Variantenstudie und Analyse experimentell unzugänglicher Bereiche. Experimente und Simulationen wurde anhand analytischer 1D-Modelle validiert. Untersuchungen zum temperaturkontrollierten Kristallwachstum von Modellproteinen zielten auf die Evaluierung des Mikroreaktorkonzepts und dessen Charakterisierung ab.Ein Ergebnis der Arbeit ist der Prototyp eines voll funktionsfähigen Batch-Mikroreaktors auf der Basis von Silizium-Mikrosystemtechnik und Dünnschichttechnologie zur temperaturkontrollierten Kristallisation kleiner Proteinmengen. Weiterhin gelang es durch Integration (mikro-) fluidischer Strukturen, das Mikroreaktorkonzept für den kontinuierlichen Betrieb zum Fluss-Mikroreaktor zu erweitern. Die Mikroreaktorsysteme erfüllen die thermischen und fluidischen Anforderungen der Biokristallisation. Die Temperierung ist im Bereich . = 5°C . 50°C exakt (.T < ±0,1 K) und langzeitstabil (mehrere Tage). Die Einschwingzeiten (ô < 10 s) und Temperierraten (dT/dt > ±3 s) erlauben Studien mit dynamischen Temperaturprotokollen. Im gesamten Flusssystem liegen laminare Bedingungen vor. Verweilzeitverhalten und Druckverlust .p ¡.

Water --- Pollution.

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Noise pollution is one of the factors that affect the quality of life of the general population, especially in urban areas, where the noise levels are often high due to the presence of numerous sources, such as transport infrastructures, activities production and commercial areas, entertainment venues and other sound sources which, although temporary, such as construction sites and outdoor music events, affect general noise levels. Even if noise is one of the oldest pollutants referred to in history, for years, the problem of noise pollution has been often considered less important than others related to the environment, such as air pollution, water pollution, and waste management.The regulations in force to contain the noise have become increasingly stringent as each individual is constantly exposed to noise and often the noise is treated just as a scourge of modern society. Making noise is becoming easier and cheaper each day, but just the opposite for controlling it. Deeper studies are needed to understand the core of current noise problems; new materials and techniques are needed to control them. This book is a combination of theory and practice based on the latest research. The studies in this book range from evaluation methods for the perception of noise and outline forecast criteria that can be integrated with applications for acoustic mapping as well as the use of innovative techniques and materials for its abatement. The main purpose of this book, organized in 8 chapters, is to provide an overview of the recent studies in this field and the applications in different research studies. The authors, contributing to the success of this book, provide a series of practical applications of their recent studies aimed at the reduction of noise in different environments. The editors would like to thank all the authors who, through their studies and research, have accepted our invitation to share recent discoveries in this field with the scientific community.

Noise pollution.

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"This book summarizes and places in perspective the potential transport, transformation, and health implications of pesticides and other organic contaminants in air, including in the air we breathe. It is a great resource for understanding pesticides in air and it is written by global experts in air contaminant research"-- Provided by publisher.

Air --- Pollution --- Measurement. --- Analysis