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This report analyzes the danger and economics of weapon-usable fissile materials from both dismantled nuclear weapons and nuclear-plant spent fuel. It found that there will be more weapon-usable plutonium from spent fuel by the year 2003 than from dismantled nuclear weapons. Another problem is the existence of commercial gas centrifuge and other sensitive enrichment plants in nonnuclear weapon states. The study estimates that thermal recycle is uneconomical until the uranium-bearing yellowcake price rises to $50 to $100/lb U3o8 or 30 to 50 years from now. The corresponding numbers for fast reactors are $140 to $220/lb U3o8 or 50 to 100 years from now. The study recommends the U.S. i) try to initiate a 4-element international program for managing dangerous nuclear technologies in the civilian nuclear fuel cycles worldwide, ii) to ask other countries' help for the purchase of highly enriched uranium from former Soviet republics (FSRs), to purchase FSRs' weapon-grade plutonium.
Nuclear weapons industry. --- Uranium industry. --- Plutonium industry.
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Construction industry --- Construction industry. --- Building industry --- Home building industry --- Building
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This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current avocados standard. This updated brochure illustrates the revised standard text on avocados. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in avocados. This brochure is trilingual (English, French, Spanish) and available in electronic format only.
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The global natural gas market suffered a major shock in 2022 as Russia cut pipeline deliveries to Europe substantially, placing unprecedented pressure on supply and triggering a global energy crisis. Despite this, European countries were able to fill their underground gas storage sites well above historical averages, supported by a combination of targeted policy measures, a record inflow of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and a steep drop in consumption, particularly in energy-intensive industries. Russia's pipeline cuts also had implications for gas consuming regions beyond Europe, leading to record high spot prices, supply tensions and considerable demand reduction.Unseasonably mild winter weather in the northern hemisphere, combined with sustained LNG inflows and adequate gas storage inventories put downward pressure on European and Asian spot prices. Nevertheless, the global gas balance is fragile and a number of uncertainties in 2023 exist. Gas importing markets remain exposed to a tight supply environment and the impact of further cuts from Russia are cause for concern. Since the crisis began, governments in Europe and other importing markets have taken strong policy measures to increase their energy resilience and reduce dependence on natural gas.This new issue of the quarterly Gas Market Report includes an overview of the main market highlights for 2022, and an analysis of recent gas market developments with a forecast for 2023.
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The poultry industry has been continuously evolving in multiple research and management areas, including hatchery practices, disease control, genetic selection, intestinal physiology, and nutrition, among others. For instance, it has been observed that amino acid requirements tend to change based on the different environmental and immunological challenges that an animal is undergoing. In addition, a continuous improvement in feed efficiency and growth performance has also affected meat quality parameters. Additionally, research on the impact of hatchery settings and environmental conditions on embryonic development and performance parameters is crucial for an economically feasible production, considering the importance of animal welfare as well. This book provides a compilation of recent scientific information on different pivotal areas of the broiler industry.
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