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Cette Ligne directrice pour l’essai sur la reproduction est conçue pour fournir des informations générales concernant les effets d’une substance d’essai (liquide, solide, gaz ou vapeur), sur la performance reproductrice des mâles et des femelles. La substance d’essai est administrée oralement par dose graduée à plusieurs groupes de mâles et de femelles. Les mâles doivent être dosés durant la croissance et au moins pendant un cycle spermatogène complet ; les femelles de la génération parentale doivent être dosées pendant au moins deux cycles oestraux. Les animaux sont alors accouplés. La substance d’essai est administrée aux deux sexes pendant la période d’accouplement et par la suite seulement aux femelles pendant la période de gestation et d’allaitement. Cette Ligne directrice utilise principalement le rat ou la souris. Chaque groupe d'essai et de contrôle devrait contenir un nombre suffisant d'animaux pour garantir environ 20 femelles gravides à terme (ou presque à terme). Trois groupes d’essai au moins doivent être employés. Il est recommandé que la substance d’essai soit administrée dans la nourriture ou dans la boisson. Un essai limite peut être effectué si aucun effet n’est attendu à une dose de 1000 mg/kg poids corporel/j. Les résultats de l’étude comportent des mesures ( poids, consommation de nourriture) et des observations quotidiennes détaillées, tous les jours de préférence au même moment, de même qu’une autopsie générale et de l’histopathologie. Les résultats d'une étude de toxicité de reproduction sont évalués en termes d'effets observés, autopsie et résultats microscopiques. Un essai correctement effectué de reproduction fournit une évaluation satisfaisante d'un niveau de sans effet et une compréhension des effets nuisibles sur la reproduction, la parturition, la lactation et la croissance postnatale.

Reproduction --- Amphimixis --- Generation --- Pangenesis --- Procreation --- Biology --- Life (Biology) --- Physiology --- Sex (Biology) --- Embryology --- Generative organs --- Theriogenology --- Reproduction.

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reproduction --- fertility --- biotechnology --- embryo --- pregnancy --- Reproduction --- Zoology --- Amphimixis --- Generation --- Pangenesis --- Procreation --- Biology --- Life (Biology) --- Physiology --- Sex (Biology) --- Embryology --- Generative organs --- Theriogenology --- Reproduction. --- Zoology. --- Natural history --- Animals --- sperm

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Reproduction is an important central topic in biology. Reproduction genetics are at the heart of some of life's most basic questions such as: where do we come from, what are we and where are we going? Reproduction genetics connects current generations with past and future ones, and is intimately connected with fertility and infertility. The cellular lineage instrumental in the passage of life is called the germline while the mature functional products are the gametes. These form the main theme of this book.This book bridges the gap between existing textbooks and society by describing the germline as a passage in time. This book includes high quality illustrations, a complete glossary and references for each chapter, with the most prominent research highlighted. The interactions between the science of reproduction genetics and society are addressed. The text also includes personal experiences of the author from a 40-year career in the field.The book aims to combine knowledge and insight for an audience with some knowledge of the intertwined sciences of genetics and reproduction. The 'knowledge landscape' has been organised into 19 chapters. The book is aimed at those dealing with these subjects professionally, in education and elsewhere. It also has a lot to offer the educated layman thanks to the excellent illustrations and up-to-date glossary of scientific terms.

Genetics. --- Reproduction. --- Amphimixis --- Generation --- Pangenesis --- Procreation --- Biology --- Life (Biology) --- Physiology --- Sex (Biology) --- Embryology --- Generative organs --- Theriogenology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology)

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Reproduction --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- reproductive sciences --- gynecologic and reproductive oncology --- embryology --- reproductive endocrinology --- reproductive immunology --- reproductive genetics --- Reproduction. --- Amphimixis --- Generation --- Pangenesis --- Procreation --- Biology --- Life (Biology) --- Physiology --- Sex (Biology) --- Embryology --- Generative organs --- Theriogenology --- Human Reproductive Index --- Human Reproductive Indexes --- Reproductive Period --- Human Reproductive Indices --- Index, Human Reproductive --- Indexes, Human Reproductive --- Indices, Human Reproductive --- Period, Reproductive --- Periods, Reproductive --- Reproductive Index, Human --- Reproductive Indices, Human --- Reproductive Periods

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Embryo transfer has become one of the prominent high businesses worldwide. This book updates and reviews some new developed theories and technologies in the human embryo transfer and mainly focus on discussing some encountered problems during embryo transfer, which gives some examples how to improve pregnancy rate by innovated techniques so that readers, especially embryologists and physicians for human IVF programs, may acquire some new and usable information as well as some key practice techniques. Major contents include the optimal stimulation scheme for ovaries, advance in insemination technology, improved embryo transfer technology and endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation mechanism. Thus, this book will greatly add new information for readers to improve human embryo transfer pregnancy rate.

Embryo transplantation. --- Fertilization in vitro. --- Reproduction. --- Amphimixis --- Generation --- Pangenesis --- Procreation --- Biology --- Life (Biology) --- Physiology --- Sex (Biology) --- Embryology --- Generative organs --- Theriogenology --- Ectogenesis, Preimplantational --- Fertilization, In vitro --- Fertilization, Laboratory --- Fertilization, Test tube --- In vitro fertilization --- IVF (Reproduction) --- Laboratory fertilization --- Preimplantational ectogenesis --- Test tube fertilization --- Genetic engineering --- Reproductive technology --- Embryo transfer --- Transfer of embryo --- Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Life Sciences --- Genetics and Molecular Biology --- Biochemistry --- Microbial Genetics