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Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are living longer than they used to. This increase in life expectancy presents novel challenges, including increased prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among those with DS and related changes to caregiving needs. Information about the impacts of longer lives and increased DS-AD prevalence is lacking. This information is needed to inform both investment in research development programs for new treatments for DS-AD and policies related to health care and caregiving for aging adults with DS. To begin addressing the knowledge gap, the authors developed a multistate population simulation and projection model to study trends in DS-AD and the associated impact on caregiving. The results of the study demonstrate the potential for investment in DS and DS-AD to increase years of life without DS-AD among those living with DS, with concomitant improvements in caregiving time investments. Specific projections depend on assumptions about DS longevity, which itself might improve with increased research investment. The magnitude of the caregiving impact is notable, given that, unlike in the general population, DS caregiving is ongoing for many individuals with DS whether or not the patients have AD.