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This paper investigates the degree of bank competition in the euro area, the U.S. and U.K. before and after the recent financial crisis, and revisits the issue whether the introduction of EMU and the euro have had any impact on bank competition. The results suggest that the level of bank competition converged across euro area countries in the wake of the EMU. The recent global financial crisis led to a fall in competition in several countries and especially where large credit and housing booms had preceded the crisis.

Banks and banking --- Competition --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Econometric models. --- Economic aspects --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Industries: Financial Services --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Production, Pricing, and Market Structure --- Size Distribution of Firms --- Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Financial Crises --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Financial crises --- Foreign banks --- Financial markets --- Financial sector --- Economic sectors --- Banks and banking, Foreign --- Financial services industry --- United States