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We examine the impact of gender equality on electoral violence in Africa using micro-level data from the sixth round of Afrobarometer surveys. The sample covers 30 countries. We find that gender equality is associated with lower electoral violence. Quantitatively, our estimates show that an increase in female-to-male labor force participation ratio by 1 percentage point is correlated with a reduction of the probability of electoral violence across the continent by around 4.2 percentage points. Our results are robust to alternative ways to measure electoral violence and gender equality, as well as to alternative specifications. The findings of this paper support the long-standing view that women empowerment contributes to the reduction of violence and underscore the urgency of addressing gender inequality in Africa.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Women''s Studies' --- Gender Studies --- Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior --- Conflict --- Conflict Resolution --- Alliances --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Economywide Country Studies: Africa --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Labour --- income economics --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Gender inequality --- Labor force participation --- Women --- Gender diversity --- Income inequality --- Gender --- National accounts --- Sex discrimination --- Labor market --- Sex role --- Income distribution --- Kenya --- Income economics --- Women & girls --- Women's Studies