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Using new tabulations from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and newly released data from the Current Population Survey, this report reexamines the likely effect on insurance premiums in the individual health insurance market of the Health Insurance Act of 1995 (commonly known as "Kassebaum-Kennedy"). A widely cited study by the Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA) estimates that the proposed legislation would increase premiums for those currently buying individual health insurance by over twenty percent. This study estimates a range of effects from 5.5 percent to under one percent. The upper end of the range maintains the HIAA assumptions, but substitutes new tabulations of the figures used in the computation of the estimate. The lower end of the range considers the interaction of the proposed federal legislation and current state insurance regulations.

Health insurance --- Health insurance premiums

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Assessing alternative mixes of active and reserve forces is a crucial defense issue. Force structure decisions are made in an inherently uncertain environment: Force requirements can vary unpredictably, sometimes surging dramatically, depending on the types of conflicts that arise. The RAND SLAM program is a software application designed to aid military analysts in exploring the inherent trade-offs between cost, stress, and risk in force structure decisions. Its unique feature is that it models force requirements stochastically, allowing for analysis of requirements that change unpredictably over time. This report serves as a user's guide, explaining the program's features and interface and guiding the user through example analyses. Several of these example analyses examine some of the same force structure decisions as those analyzed with spreadsheet techniques by Lynn E. Davis et al. in Stretched Thin: Army Forces for Sustained Operations, thus validating the RAND SLAM results against this previous work. The authors also discuss the underlying model for the program, including its strengths and limitations and how it might be expanded and improved.

Risk assessment --- Military planning --- Computer programs. --- Decision making. --- United States. --- Organization --- Reserves --- Personnel management --- Cost control

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Veterans --- Unemployment insurance --- Afghan War, 2001 --- -Iraq War, 2003-2011 --- Employment --- Veterans --- Veterans

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This report uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey--Youth to examine the dynamics of the labor market experience of young people entering the labor market. The authors confirm the conventional wisdom that young people hold a large number of jobs. However, the authors' analysis shows that, by their early twenties, most young people have entered stable employment, defined as a job that will last one, two, or even three years. While there may be problems with the skills of labor market entrants, most young people are successfully finding jobs that yield long-term employment relations. The experience of the average youth, however, hides important subgroup differences. The results suggest that efforts to improve the school-to-work transition need to focus on those specific groups who fare worst in their early labor market career--most notably, high school dropouts.

Youth --- School-to-work transition --- Labor turnover --- Employment stabilization --- Employment

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In conducting the Global War on Terrorism, the Department of Defense (DoD) has relied heavily on the reserve components. A large fraction of the reserve force has been activated at least once since September 11, 2001, and many of these activations have lasted for more than a year. This more intensive use of the Reserves has been accompanied by concerns that many reservists suffer substantial financial losses because of being activated. Some legislative proposals at the federal and state levels would increase compensation of activated reservists to offset these financial losses. This report describes research using a sample of Army and Air Force reservists activated in 2001 and 2002 for the Global War on Terrorism. It combines information on their civilian earnings from Social Security Administration (SSA) data for 2001 with information on military earnings from DoD administrative files to estimate the effect of activation on their earnings. This measure of military earnings includes pays, allowances, and an approximation to the value of the federal tax preference accorded military allowances and military pay received while serving in a combat zone. The results on earnings and activation reported in this document are early and subject to a number of important caveats, but the estimates do imply less prevalent and severe earnings losses among activated reservists than do estimates derived from DoD survey data.

Wage surveys --- United States --- United States --- Armed Forces --- Reserves --- Pay, allowances, etc. --- Armed Forces --- Mobilization --- Costs