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Biological engagement programs are a set of projects or activities between partner countries that strengthen global health security to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. Engagement programs are an effective way to work collaboratively towards a common threat reduction goal, usually with a strong focus on strengthening health systems and making the world a safer place. Cooperative programs are built upon trust and sharing of information and resources to increase the capacity and capabilities of partner countries. Biological engagement programs reduce the threat of infectious disease with a focus on pathogens of security concern, such as those pathogens identified by the U.S. Government as Biological Select Agent and Toxins. These programs seek to develop technical or scientific relationships between countries to combat infectious diseases both in humans and animals. Through laboratory biorisk management, diagnostics, pathogen detection, biosurveillance and countermeasure development for infectious diseases, deep relationships are fostered between countries. Biological engagement programs are designed to address dual-use issues in pathogen research by promoting responsible science methodologies and cultures. Scientific collaboration is a core mechanism for engagement programs are designed to strengthen global health security, including prevention of avoidable epidemics; detection of threats as early as possible; and rapid and effective outbreak response. This Research Topic discusses Biological Engagement Programs, highlighting the successes and challenges of these cooperative programs. Articles in this topic outlined established engagement programs as well as described what has been learned from historical cooperative engagement programs not focused on infectious diseases. Articles in this topic highlighted selected research, trainings, and programs in Biological Engagement Programs from around the world. This Topic eBook first delves into Policies and Lessons Learned; then describes Initiatives in Biosafety & Biosecurity; the core of this work documents Cooperative Research Results from the field; then lastly the Topic lays out potential Future Directions to the continued success of the World’s cooperative science in reducing the threat of infectious diseases.

Infectious disease --- biosecurity --- Cooperative Biological Engagement --- select agents --- biosafety

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The difference between estimated and actual costs--cost growth--in weapon system development has been a recurring problem. To facilitate long-term, comprehensive, and consistent analysis of weapon system cost growth, RAND has developed the Defense Systems Cost Performance Database (DSCPD). This database includes cost growth data derived from information in Selected Acquisition Reports, as well as a range of potnetial explanatory variables, including cost, schedule, and categorical information. This report documents the contents of the DSCPD; the authors discuss data sources, database structure, adjustments and normalization procedures used in the database, and caveats and limitations on its use. It is hoped that extensive use of the database by both governmental and nongovernmental analysts will improve understanding of the problem of cost growth in weapon systems and our ability to control it.

United States. --- Procurement. --- United States --- Armed Forces --- Weapons systems --- Costs --- Databases.