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Biofilms are multicellular sessile microbial communities embedded in hydrated extracellular polymeric matrices. Their formation is common in microbial life in most environments, whereas those formed on food-processing surfaces are of considerable interest in the context of food hygiene. Biofilm cells express properties that are distinct from planktonic ones, in particular, due to their notorious resistance to antimicrobial agents. Thus, a special feature of biofilms is that once they have developed, they are hard to eradicate, even when careful sanitization procedures are regularly applied. A large amount of ongoing research has investigated how and why surface-attached microbial communities develop such resistance, and several mechanisms can be acknowledged, such as heterogeneous metabolic activity, cell adaptive responses, diffusion limitations, genetic and functional diversification, and microbial interactions. The articles contained in this Special Issue deal with biofilms of some important food-related bacteria (including common pathogens such as Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as spoilage-causing spore-forming bacilli), providing novel insights into their resistance mechanisms and implications, together with novel methods (e.g., use of protective biofilms formed by beneficial bacteria, enzymes) that could be used to overcome resistance and thus improve the safety of our food supply and protect public health.

Salmonella --- biofilm --- morpothypes --- stainless steel --- food residues --- tomato --- poultry --- milk --- biofilms --- DNase I --- pre-treatment --- post-treatment --- mixed species biofilm --- disintegration of matrix --- antibiofilm methods --- bacteriocins --- biocides --- food industry --- food safety --- Listeria monocytogenes --- resistance --- lactic acid bacteria --- probiotic potential --- staphylococci --- mastitis --- dairy industry --- Bacillus species --- biofilm derived spores --- cleaning-in-place --- disinfecting effect --- disinfectants --- transcriptome --- foodborne pathogens --- dairy bacilli --- stress adaptation --- disinfection --- biocontrol --- enzymes

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This book presents the advances in plant salinity stress and tolerance, including mechanistic insights revealed using powerful molecular tools and multi-omics and gene functions studied by genetic engineering and advanced biotechnological methods. Additionally, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in the improvement of plant salinity tolerance and the underlying mechanisms and progress in breeding for salinity-tolerant rice are comprehensively discussed. Clearly, the published data have contributed to the significant progress in expanding our knowledge in the field of plant salinity stress and the results are valuable in developing salinity-stress-tolerant crops; in benefiting their quality and productivity; and eventually, in supporting the sustainability of the world food supply.

watermelon --- salt stress --- RNA-seq --- amino acids --- endocytosis --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- halophyte --- high-affinity potassium transporter (HKT) --- Na+ transporter --- salt tolerance --- Sporobolus virginicus --- aquaporins --- barley --- ion transport --- oocytes --- plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) --- GmbZIP15 --- transcription factor --- drought stress --- soybean --- biotechnology breeding --- high-throughput sequencing --- QTLs --- rice --- halophytic wild barley --- salinity --- osmotic stress --- metabolome --- transcriptome --- ionome --- stress adaptation --- Hordeum marinum --- aquaporin --- Zygophyllum xanthoxylum --- plant growth --- abiotic stress --- sensing --- signaling --- transcription factors --- osmoregulation --- antioxidation --- ion homeostasis --- jasmonates --- jasmonate signaling pathway --- crosstalk --- exogenous jasmonate applications --- GWAS --- PGPR --- ACC deaminase --- seed priming --- IAA --- cell wall integrity --- cell wall sensor --- LRXs --- CrRLK1Ls --- Millettia pinnata --- calmodulin-like --- heterologous expression --- halophiles --- plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) --- RNA sequence analysis (RNA-seq) --- quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) --- n/a