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Tea, made from the leaves of the Camellia senenisis plant, is the second most consumed beverage worldwide after water. Accumulating evidence from cellular, animal, epidemiological and clinical studies have linked tea consumption to various health benefits, such as chemoprevention of cancers, chronic inflammation, heart and liver diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Although such health benefits have not been consistently observed in some intervention trials, positive results from clinical trials have provided direct evidence supporting the cancer-protective effect of green tea. In addition, numerous mechanisms of action have been suggested to contribute to tea’s disease-preventive effects. Furthermore, effects of the processing and storage of tea, as well as additives on tea’s properties have been investigated.

polyphenols --- n/a --- cell cycle arrest and apoptosis --- neuroblastoma --- salivary ?-amylase activity --- cancer apoptosis --- yaupon holly --- bioaccessibility --- fracture --- p53 --- tea --- Liubao tea --- BE(2)-C --- matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) --- catechin --- renal stone --- oxalate --- protein expression --- 67LR --- Alzheimer’s disease --- EGCG --- nutraceutical --- diseases --- anti-oxidant --- heme oxygenase-1 --- polyphenol --- anxiety --- matcha --- ERCC1/XPF --- neuro-sphere --- tea consumption --- theanine --- Rosmarinic acid --- yerba mate --- hypercalciuria --- gene expression --- microbiota --- cohort study --- histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) --- guayusa --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- DNA repair --- mRNA expression --- caffeine --- chemoprevention --- cisplatin --- 6-OH-11-O-hydroxyphenanthrene --- adrenal hypertrophy --- hepatic damage --- anti-photoaging --- cell death --- green tea --- kudingcha --- suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) --- epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) --- stress-reduction --- calcium oxalate monohydrate --- Camellia sinensis --- chemoresistance --- tea polyphenols --- green tea polyphenols --- green tea catechins --- N-MYC --- cancer --- epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) --- Parkinson’s disease --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease

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Blindness and visual impairment impact significantly on an individual’s physical and mental well-being. Loss of vision is a global health problem, with approximately 250 million of the world’s population currently living with vision loss, of which 36 million are classified as blind. Visual impairment is more frequent in the elderly, with cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) accounting for over 50% of cases globally. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of both conditions, and consequently the role of nutritional factors, in particular carotenoids and micronutrient antioxidants, have been investigated as possible preventative or therapeutic strategies. Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions in the world. DES occurs where the eye does not produce enough tears and/or the tears evaporate too quicklyleading to discomfort and varying degrees of visual disturbance. There has recently been a great deal of interest in the potential for oral or topical supplementation with essential fatty acids (EFAs), specifically omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, as an adjunct to conventional treatments for DES. The objective of this Special Issue on ‘Nutrition and Eye Health’ is to publish papers describing the role of nutrition in maintaining eye health and the use of nutritional interventions to prevent or treat ocular disease. A particular (but not exclusive) emphasis will be on papers (reviews and/or clinical or experimental studies) relating to cataract, AMD and DES.

polyphenols --- n/a --- crocin --- chyrsin --- glaucoma --- dietary assessment --- photoreceptor degeneration --- dry eye --- RR-zeaxanthin --- nutritional supplements --- drug discovery --- corneal neovascularization (CNV) --- AMD --- dietary antioxidants --- micronutrients --- age-related macular degeneration --- preclinical models --- lenses --- microvascular lesions --- cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) --- angiogenesis --- fish oil --- macrophage --- anti-oxidant --- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) --- rosmarinic acid --- visual cycle --- diabetic retinopathy --- lutein --- gut-retina axis --- light damage --- crocetin --- supplements --- clinical practice guidelines --- nutrition --- light --- eye disease --- dietary habits --- flavonoids --- phytoconstituents --- saffron --- carotenoids --- fatty acid --- electroretinography --- lens --- advanced glycation end products --- interleukin-1? (IL-1?) --- mesozeaxanthin (RS zeaxanthin) --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- clinical survey --- corneal chemical burn --- reduced glutathione --- omega-3 --- AGREE II --- retina --- inflammation --- anti-inflammatory --- retinal pigment epithelium --- diet --- Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 --- Crocus Sativus L. --- saponins --- cataract --- CODS --- neoangiogenesis --- estrogen-deficient rats --- food frequency questionnaire --- gut microbiota --- antioxidant supplements --- sinapic acid --- personalised medicine --- systematic reviews --- nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-?B) --- diabetes --- Cucurbita argyrosperma --- oxidative stress --- endoplasmic reticulum

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Nature represents an amazing source of inspiration, since it produces a great diversity of natural compounds selected by evolution, which exhibit multiple biological activities and applications. A large and very active research field is dedicated to identifying biosynthesized compounds, to improve/develop new methodologies, to produce/reuse natural compounds, and to assess their potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, among others, and additionally, to understand their mechanism of action. This book is dedicated to presenting the most recent results on the development of natural compounds’ applications. Ten original research works, organized by applications, and two reviews are included. Each of them contributes to the knowledge advance, insofar as they present new applications for known products, new methodologies to obtain new products, or the evaluation of a given application, with the applications related to health promotion being the most frequently considered. These works are significant contributions and reinforce the dynamic field of natural products’ applications.

amino acid metabolism --- carvacrol --- metabolomics data --- oxidative stress --- Penicillium digitatum --- Prangos pabularia Lindl. --- volatile oil --- PTP-1B --- osthole --- 5-pentylcyclohexa-1,3-diene --- antidiabetic activity --- chalcones --- aldol condensation --- biological activity --- flavanones --- cytotoxic --- antioxidant --- anticholinesterase --- Maytenus --- celastroloids --- semisynthesis --- antibacterial activity --- structure–activity relationship --- rosemary --- rosmarinic acid --- anticancer --- antidiabetic --- cardioprotective --- Helianthus annuus --- Helianthus strumosus --- Aspergillus niger --- Candida albicans --- Cryptococcus neoformans --- α-pinene --- oleracone --- flavonoid --- anti-aging --- longevity --- Portulaca oleracea L. --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- total synthesis --- pimenta d’água --- Candida --- fungistatic effect --- inhibition of dimorphism --- GC/MS --- colorectal cancer --- Salviae miltiorrhizae radix --- apoptosis --- honey --- propolis --- phenolic compounds --- wound-healing activity --- NHDF cells --- Asteraceae --- sesquiterpene lactones --- alantolactone --- arglabin --- parthenolide --- thapsigargin --- in vivo study --- anti-inflammatory --- almond --- byproducts --- chlorogenic acid --- design of experiment --- phenolic acids --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- natural compounds --- therapeutic applications --- essential oils --- antimicrobial --- antitumor --- SAR

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The health benefits of food, plants, fruits, and seaweeds stem from the biological activities of their constituents—namely, secondary metabolites. The study of secondary metabolites and their potential to treat and/or prevent a number of diseases has become a research topic of growing interest for biologists, pharmacists, and chemists. Notably, in order to propose a compound as a potential new drug with pharmacological effects, the chemical structure of this compound and its biological activity against a given target must be well established. The Special Issue, “Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites”, considers species beyond their nutritional value and identifies instances of wider and more efficient use, thereby contributing to a more sustainable management of natural resources. The fifteen articles published in this Special Issue reflect the latest research trends, and consider the isolation, identification, and assessment of the beneficial effects of secondary metabolites from both edible and inedible species. Thus, these contributions collectively demonstrate that these compounds, and their plants of origin, should be valued beyond their nutritional benefits.

coumarins --- Lycium --- metabolomic --- HPLC-MS --- orbitrap --- secondary metabolites --- endemic plants --- olive leaves --- supercritical fluid extraction --- antioxidants --- hyperuricemia --- plant-based functional food --- xanthine oxidase --- adenosine deaminase --- uric acid transporter --- bioactive compound --- Piper pseudoarboreum --- bioassay-guided fractionation --- leishmanicidal activity --- alkamides --- (E)-piplartine --- Wedelia chinensis --- organic farming --- phytotoxic substances --- vanillic acid --- gallic acid --- Origanum subspecies --- morphological traits --- glandular trichomes --- essential oil composition --- rosmarinic acid --- sensory evaluation --- colored potato tubers --- total phenols --- anthocyanins --- saccharides --- nutrition --- microelements --- plants --- fungi --- food supplements --- cardiovascular diseases --- neurodegenerative diseases --- Alzheimer’s disease --- metabolic syndrome --- apocarotenoid --- caffeic acid derivative --- flavonoid --- Lactuca sativa --- lignan --- megastigmane --- sesquiterpene lactone --- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid --- black chokeberry --- anthocyanin --- simulated moving bed --- antioxidant activity --- neuroprotection --- Artemisia --- clinical trials --- health effects --- adverse effects --- anticancer --- antiparasitic --- artemisinin --- santonin --- achillin --- tehranolide --- Aglaomorpha quercifolia --- GC-MS profile --- rhizome --- leaves --- n-hexane extract --- fatty acids --- terpenoids --- linolenic acid --- hop-16-ene --- cardiac glycosides --- secondary plant metabolites --- natural product isolation --- hyrcanoside --- deglucohyrcanoside --- ouabain --- cymarin --- digitoxin --- anticancer activity --- Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors --- corn salad --- leafy vegetables --- phytochemicals --- liquid chromatography --- mass spectrometry --- celastrol --- Celastraceae --- antimicrobial activity --- mechanism of action --- Bacillus subtilis --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease