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The dynamics of systems have proven to be very powerful tools in understanding the behavior of different natural phenomena throughout the last two centuries. However, the attributes of natural systems are observed to deviate from their classical states due to the effect of different types of uncertainties. Actually, randomness and impreciseness are the two major sources of uncertainties in natural systems. Randomness is modeled by different stochastic processes and impreciseness could be modeled by fuzzy sets, rough sets, Dempster–Shafer theory, etc.

Fuzzy MARCOS --- Fuzzy PIPRECIA --- traffic risk --- TFN --- MCDM --- dual-rotor --- multi-frequency excitation --- non-intrusive calculation --- metamodel --- NDSL model --- AHP --- criteria weights --- pairwise comparisons --- AES --- PC --- MIMO discrete-time system --- state feedback and output feedback --- parameter dependence --- D numbers --- fuzzy sets --- DEMATEL --- multi-criteria decision-making --- multi-criteria optimization --- RAFSI method --- performance comparison --- rank reversal --- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) --- wavelet transform --- GARCH --- LLA --- LDA --- KNN --- BWM --- BWM-I --- multi-criteria --- renewable energy --- the CCSD method --- the ITARA method --- the MARCOS method --- stackers --- logistics --- ensemble techniques --- data mining --- classification and discrimination --- linear regression --- applied mathematics general --- prediction theory --- theory of mathematical modeling --- medical applications --- empathic building --- fuzzy grey cognitive maps --- Thayer’s emotion model --- artificial emotions --- affective computing --- n/a --- Thayer's emotion model

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Efficiency and productivity assessment are essential to ensure the long-term financial sustainability of countries, services and processes. In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in the environmental effects of economic activities, and the need to assess the environmental and energy efficiency has been internationally recognized. Energy and environmental efficiency assessments of decision-making units (DMUs), such as countries, utilities, processes and services are relevant and have strong implications for companies, regulators, stakeholders, policy makers, and customers. To improve both the decision-making process and the management of DMUs, fundamental and practical knowledge about energy and environmental efficiency and productivity is essential

electricity consumption (EC) --- undesirable outputs model --- data envelopment analysis (DEA) --- efficient --- inefficient --- data envelopment analysis --- energy efficiency --- performance --- bootstrap --- water treatment --- composite indicator --- sustainability --- water utilities management --- multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) --- evaluation --- energy --- environment --- efficiency --- transport --- DEA --- TOPSIS --- transit-oriented development (TOD) --- transit efficiency --- smartcard data --- network slacks-based measure data envelopment analysis (NSBM DEA)

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Most real-world search and optimization problems naturally involve multiple criteria as objectives. Generally, symmetry, asymmetry, and anti-symmetry are basic characteristics of binary relationships used when modeling optimization problems. Moreover, the notion of symmetry has appeared in many articles about uncertainty theories that are employed in multi-criteria problems. Different solutions may produce trade-offs (conflicting scenarios) among different objectives. A better solution with respect to one objective may compromise other objectives. There are various factors that need to be considered to address the problems in multidisciplinary research, which is critical for the overall sustainability of human development and activity. In this regard, in recent decades, decision-making theory has been the subject of intense research activities due to its wide applications in different areas. The decision-making theory approach has become an important means to provide real-time solutions to uncertainty problems. Theories such as probability theory, fuzzy set theory, type-2 fuzzy set theory, rough set, and uncertainty theory, available in the existing literature, deal with such uncertainties. Nevertheless, the uncertain multi-criteria characteristics in such problems have not yet been explored in depth, and there is much left to be achieved in this direction. Hence, different mathematical models of real-life multi-criteria optimization problems can be developed in various uncertain frameworks with special emphasis on optimization problems.

multiple-criteria decision-making --- underground mines --- mining methods --- expert knowledge --- failure mode and effects analysis --- solar panel systems --- step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis --- grey relational analysis --- Z-number theory --- B2C e-commerce factors --- website --- MCDM --- Fuzzy AHP --- TOPSIS-Grey --- China --- IoT --- platform selection --- multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) --- AHP --- PROMETHEE-II --- Industry 4.0 --- data envelopment analysis --- conjoint analysis --- experimental design --- criteria importance --- weight restrictions --- subjective and objective teacher efficiency --- multi-objective planning --- reverse supply chain --- robust optimization --- uncertainty --- meta-heuristic algorithm --- steel making industry --- fuzzy PIPRECIA --- fuzzy EDAS --- railway --- multi-criteria decision-making --- transport policy --- Six Sigma (6σ) --- DMAIC --- vehicle fleet --- optimization --- text mining --- Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM), criteria selection --- weighting --- Prospective MADM --- Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) --- SIMUS --- decision tree --- transport plan --- Laplace’s criterion --- Hurwitz’s criterion --- q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers --- q-rung orthopair fuzzy prioritized weighted average operator --- q-rung orthopair fuzzy prioritized weighted geometric operator --- green supply chain management --- fuzzy theory --- sustainable development --- SCOR model --- FAHP --- PROMETHEE II --- textile and garments industry --- sustainable supplier selection --- MCDA --- efficiency --- DEA --- SFA --- classification --- dimensionality reduction --- q-ROFNs --- Einstein operators --- prioritized aggregation operators --- multi-criteria group decision making --- hazardous materials --- vehicle route model (VRP) --- uncertainty theory --- chance constrained programming model --- hybrid intelligent algorithm --- linear Diophantine fuzzy set --- linear Diophantine fuzzy soft rough set --- soft rough linear Diophantine fuzzy set --- upper reduct and lower reduct --- core set --- multi-criteria decision making --- q-Rung orthopair fuzzy sets --- geometric aggregation operators based on generalized and group-generalized parameters --- water loss management --- decision making --- intuitionistic fuzzy sets --- the COMET method --- service quality --- fuzzy set --- Jensen–Shannon divergence --- shapley function --- TODIM --- port-hinterland transportation system --- bi-objective programming --- intermodal transportation --- carbon emissions --- uncertain demand --- distributionally robust --- chance constraint --- Yangtze River Economic Belt --- multi-criteria decision-analysis --- MCDA benchmark --- normalization --- entropy --- decision-making methods --- multi-criteria problems --- evolutionary algorithms --- machine learning --- fuzzy logic --- uncertain data --- consistency weights --- fuzzy preference relation (FPR) --- hesitant fuzzy preference relation (HFPR) --- Łukasiewicz consistency --- normal hesitant fuzzy preference relation (NHFPR) --- multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) --- outsourcing provider --- DEMATEL --- CRITIC --- TOPSIS --- comparison measure --- representation --- disjoint --- multiplicative preference relation (MPR) --- group decision-making (GDM) --- incomplete fuzzy preference relation (IFPR) --- TL-consistency --- cubic m-polar fuzzy set --- Dombi’s operations --- cubic m-polar fuzzy aggregation operators with P-order (R-order) --- SIR technique --- complex networks --- social networks --- viral marketing --- information propagation --- crisp probability --- interval probability --- influence diagrams --- circuit breakers --- granular computing --- interval-valued --- intuitionistic fuzzy set --- multiple granulation --- ordered information system

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Sustainability is a fairly old concept, born in the 18th century in the field of forestry, within a mono-functionality perspective. The concept has considerably evolved in the last few years towards a multi-functionality context, with applications reported in practically all areas of economic interest. On the other hand, modern sustainability is a complex problem, for two reasons: a) The multiplicity of functions of a very different nature involved in the process and b) The manner in which different segments of the society or stakeholders perceive the relative importance of these functions. For the above reasons, a realistic approach for dealing with the sustainability issue requires taking into consideration multiple criteria of different nature (economic, environmental and social), and in many cases within a participatory decision making framework. This book presents a collection of papers, dealing with different theoretical and applied issues of sustainability, with the help of a modern multi-criteria decision-making theory, with a single as well as several stakeholders involved in the decision-making process. Hopefully, this material will encourage academics and practitioners to alter their research in this hot and vital topic. After all, the sustainable management of the environment and its embedded resources is one of the most important, if not the major challenge of the 21st century.

goal programming --- interactive methods --- forest planning --- Green-Tree Retention --- climate and energy policy --- transformation pathways --- low carbon technologies --- decision support --- multi-criteria analysis --- fuzzy PROMETHEE --- supplier evaluation --- supplier segmentation --- multi-attribute utility theory --- preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluation --- quality indicator --- food safety --- fresh food --- sustainable supply chain --- multicriteria --- circular economy --- composite indicators --- sustainability --- TOPSIS --- Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) --- carbon neutral --- ISO 14001 --- economic-strategic --- environmental sustainability --- Costa Rica --- criteria --- food and biodegradable waste --- analytic hierarchy process --- benefit–cost analysis --- multi-criteria decision analysis --- waste disposal technology --- anaerobic digestion --- weak sustainability --- strong sustainability --- NAIADE --- rural land use planning --- forestry --- agricultural sustainability --- environmental performance --- sustainability indices --- best-worst method --- irrigated olive groves --- Spain --- CoCoSo method --- Shannon Entropy method --- “Agenda 2030” --- sustainable development goals --- EU countries --- achievement --- assessment --- wind energy --- multi-objective optimization --- weighted goal programming --- progressive bounded constraint --- n/a --- benefit-cost analysis --- "Agenda 2030"

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This open access book presents a new generation multi-criteria, multi-stake holder, decision aide, called an "institutional compass". Based on hard data, the compass tells us what quality-direction we are heading in as an institution, region, system or organisation. The quality is not chosen from the usual scalar qualities of: good, neutral and bad. Instead, it is a quality chosen between: harmony, discipline and excitement. None is good in and of itself. We need some of each. The compass marks a new generation in four respects. 1. The representation of the data is intuitive and simple to understand, and therefore can be used to communicate and justify policy decisions. 2. Any data can be included, i.e., none is excluded. This makes the compass tailored to particular situations, voices and contexts. 3. The data includes different time horizons and different types of value: monetary, use, social, sentimental, religious, intrinsic, existential... 4. The process of compass construction can be made inclusive at several junctions. An institutional compass can be extended to evaluate products, add normativity to a systems analysis, reflect world-views such as that of ecological economists or function as an accounting system to manage scarce resources. There are four parts to the book. The first part introduces the general ideas behind the compass. In the second part, the author presents the method for constructing the compass. This includes data collection, data analysis and a mathematical formula to aggregate the data into a single holistic reading. In the third part, the author extends the methodology: to incorporate it into systems science, adding a normative and quality-direction dimension, to use it as a non-linear accounting method and more thoroughly to reflect the philosophy of ecological economists to give a real measure of sustainability. In the fourth part, we see three case studies: one for the World Health Organisation, a second is the use of the compass to label products in a shop and the third is as a regional compass for Hauts-de-France. The book ends with philosophical conclusions. Throughout the book, we see tight arguments, refreshing ideas and a thorough treatment of objectivity in decision making.

Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Theory of knowledge --- Sociology: work and labour --- Operations research. --- Databases. --- Social and political philosophy --- Data Representation --- Ecological Economics --- Institutional Analysis --- Multi-Criteria Decision Aides --- Non-Linear Accounting --- Policy Analysis/Justification --- Policy Decisions --- Qualitative Data Analysis --- Qualitative Objectivity --- tool for the assessment of an institution --- quantitative and qualitative assessment --- comparative institutional analysis --- qualitative indicators for institution --- measuring institutions --- policy analysis reader --- Adaptation of the institutional compass to ecological economics