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Nanomaterials possess astonishing physical and chemical properties. They play a key role in the development of novel and effective drugs, catalysts, sensors, and pesticides, to cite just a few examples. Notably, the synthesis of nanomaterials is usually achieved with chemical and physical methods needing the use of extremely toxic chemicals or high-energy inputs. To move towards more eco-friendly processes, researchers have recently focused on so-called “green synthesis”, where microbial, animal-, and plant-borne compounds can be used as cheap reducing and stabilizing agents to fabricate nanomaterials. Green synthesis routes are cheap, environmentally sustainable, and can lead to the fabrication of nano-objects with controlled sizes and shapes—two key features determining their bioactivity.

anti-fungal --- chitosan --- graphene oxide --- n/a --- energy density --- sponges --- Escherichia coli --- filariasis --- titanium dioxide nanoparticles --- synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) --- green synthesis --- ionic nanocomplexes --- methylene blue --- cacao --- mesoporous materials --- polyol-assisted fluoride ions slow-release strategy --- stored product insects --- polyarginine --- solvothermal synthesis --- agricultural pests --- time dependence --- magnetic nanomaterials --- in vitro testing --- poly-L-lactic acid --- Raman spectroscopy --- sample preparation --- self-assembly --- solid carbon spheres --- crystallographic phase control --- microwave injured cells --- CuInS2 --- antimicrobial --- ZnO NPs --- Scadoxus multiflorus --- lipase --- mosquito control --- biocatalysis --- hyaluronic acid --- hybrid nanoflowers --- Desulfovibrio desulfuricans --- reduced graphene oxide --- ovicidal --- enzyme immobilization --- palladium nanoparticles --- non-cytotoxic --- photocatalysis --- insecticides --- ultrasonic dispersing (USD) --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- cell proliferation --- CVD process --- NaYF4 mesocrystals --- microwave energy --- leaf --- dengue --- hollow carbon spheres --- gum kondagogu --- functionalization --- silver nanoparticles --- larvicidal --- nanostructured --- plasma --- electrical conductivity --- larvicides --- TEM --- nanomaterials (NMs) --- carbon spheres