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Many constructions are built with reinforced or prestressed concrete, and most of them are designed or expected to resist earthquake actions in addition to gravity loads. To limit the effects of seismic events on reinforced or prestressed concrete structures, many attempts have been made by researchers in order to (i) improve the knowledge of the response of materials (steel bars and concrete) and members by means of laboratory tests, (ii) develop numerical and capacity models, (iii) enhance procedures for the dynamic analysis and assessment of the seismic performance of structures and (iv) suggest innovative interventions for the seismic retrofit of old and damaged reinforced or prestressed concrete structures. This Special Issue is a collection of 11 important research works that cover a wide range of problems related to the previously mentioned research fields. Both researchers and practical engineers are expected to greatly benefit from this Special Issue in view of their own work and for a better comprehension of the response of r.c. members and structures.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- seismic retrofitting --- mainshock-damaged RC frame --- soft steel damper --- seismic performance --- mainshock-aftershock seismic sequence --- retrofitting --- modular --- finite element analysis --- flexural behavior --- ductility --- RC columns --- strengthening --- direct fastening --- steel jackets --- design procedure --- precast reinforced concrete deep beam --- experimental study --- finite element method (FEM) --- RC frames --- brick infills --- prior damage --- finite element analyses --- seismic joint --- FRP --- RC corroded columns --- localised corrosion --- numerical analyses --- modelling strategies --- cyclic actions --- seismic isolation --- asymmetric building --- mode-adaptive bidirectional pushover analysis (MABPA) --- seismic retrofit --- momentary energy input --- RC-framed skin --- seismic assessment --- nonlinear static analysis --- existing RC buildings --- retrofitting intervention --- column removal --- non-linear analysis --- progressive collapse --- reinforced concrete frame --- seismic response --- optimization --- curtailed shear wall --- buckling-restrained brace --- genetic algorithm --- seismic upgrading --- RC buildings --- industrial buildings --- industrial heritage --- steel exoskeletons --- photovoltaic plants --- n/a
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Size reduction processes represent a significant part of the capital as well as the operating cost in ore processing. Advancing the understanding of and improving such processes is worthwhile since any measurable enhancement may lead to benefits, which may materialize as reductions in energy consumption or wear or improved performance in downstream processes. This book contains contributions dealing with various aspects of comminution, including those intended to improve our current level of understanding and quantification of particle breakage and ore characterization techniques that are relevant to size reduction, as well as studies involving modeling and simulation techniques. The affiliations of the authors of the articles published in this book span 14 countries around the globe, which attests to the highly international nature of research in this field. The themes of the manuscripts also vary widely, from several that are more focused on experimental studies to those that deal, in greater detail, with the development and application of modeling and simulation techniques in comminution. Size reduction technologies more directly addressed in the manuscripts include jaw crushing, vertical shaft impact crushing, SAG milling, stirred milling, planetary milling, and vertical roller milling. Ores involved directly in the investigations include those of copper, lead–zinc, gold, and iron as well as coal, talc, and quartz.
nanoscale talc --- wet milling --- high-energy ball milling --- ball size --- aggregation --- quantitative microstructural analysis --- X-ray computed tomography --- selective comminution --- texture --- structure --- mineral processing --- crushing --- grinding --- grinding behaviors --- energy consumption characterization --- sulfur content --- heterogeneous breakage --- split energy --- mining operation --- ore milling --- ore grinding --- rock --- liberation --- bed breakage --- iron ore --- comminution --- saturation --- piston-and-die --- compaction --- compression --- breakage --- single particle breakage --- energy input --- drop-weight tester --- breakage modelling --- grinding prediction --- jaw crusher --- Discrete Element Method --- Particle Replacement Model --- simulation --- modeling --- primary crushing --- particle breakage --- semi-autogenous grinding mill --- operational hardness --- energy consumption --- mining --- deep learning --- long short-term memory --- quartz --- shear stress --- tribochemistry --- fracturing --- mixed sulfides --- sphalerite --- galena --- VSI --- DEM --- sand --- modelling --- Vertimill --- Tower Mill --- liner wear --- fine grinding --- discrete element method --- n/a
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The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) processes applied to the fabrication of structural components creates the need for design methodologies supporting structural optimization approaches that take into account the specific characteristics of the process. While AM processes enable unprecedented geometrical design freedom, which can result in significant reductions of component weight, on the other hand they have implications in the fatigue and fracture strength due to residual stresses and microstructural features. This is linked to stress concentration effects and anisotropy that still warrant further research. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences brings together papers investigating the features of AM processes relevant to the mechanical behavior of AM structural components, particularly, but not exclusively, from the viewpoints of fatigue and fracture behavior. Although the focus of the issue is on AM problems related to fatigue and fracture, articles dealing with other manufacturing processes with related problems are also be included.
residual stress/strain --- electron beam melting --- diffraction --- Ti-6Al-4V --- electron backscattered diffraction --- X-ray diffraction --- Selective Laser Melting --- Ti6Al4V --- residual stress --- deformation --- preheating --- relative density --- powder degradation --- wire and arc additive manufacturing --- additive manufacturing --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- applications --- Fe-based amorphous coating --- laser cladding --- property --- titanium --- microstructural modeling --- metal deposition --- finite element method --- dislocation density --- vacancy concentration --- directed energy deposition --- defects --- hardness --- alloy 718 --- hot isostatic pressing --- post-treatment --- Alloy 718 --- surface defects --- encapsulation --- coating --- fatigue crack growth (FCG) --- electron beam melting (EBM) --- hydrogen embrittlement (HE) --- wire arc additive manufacturing --- precipitation hardening --- Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys --- microstructure characterisation --- titanium alloy --- Ti55511 --- synchrotron --- XRD --- microscopy --- SLM --- EBM --- EBSD --- Rietveld analysis --- WAAM --- GMAW --- energy input per unit length --- processing strategy --- contact tip to work piece distance --- electrical stickout
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As the Guest Editor of this Special Issue entitled ""Science, Characterization, and Technology of Joining and Welding"" of Metals, I am pleased to have this book published by MDPI. Joining, including welding, soldering, brazing, and assembly, is an essential requirement in manufacturing processes and is classified as a secondary manufacturing process. This Special Issue of Metals includes technical and review papers on, but not limited to, different aspects of joining and welding, including welding technologies (i.e., fusion-based welding and solid-state welding), characterization, metallurgy and materials science, quality control, and design and numerical simulation. This Special Issue also includes the joining of different materials, including metal and non-metals (polymers and composites), including 17 peer-reviewed papers from several researchers all around the globe (China, Germany, Brazil, South Koria, Slovakia, USA, Taiwan, Canada, and India). As of this date (April 2020), the papers in this Special Issue have been cited 47 times by other researchers, which I think is an eminent number and shows the high quality of the published papers in this Issue. This Special Issue includes a large diversity of various subjects in the field of joining: laser welding, friction stir welding, diffusion bonding, multipass welding, rotary friction-welding, friction bit joining, adhesive bonding, weldbonding, simulation and experimentation, metal/FRP joints, welding simulation, plasma–TIG coupled arc welding, liquation cracking, soldering, resin bonding, microstructural characteristics, brazing, and friction stir butt and scarf welding. I would like to sincerely thank all the researchers who contributed to this Special Issue for their high-quality research. I also would like to acknowledge Mr. Toliver Guo, Senior Assistant Editor at MDPI, who continuously and tirelessly contributed toward this Special Issue by assisting me with inviting the authors and the follow ups. I think this Special Issue will enhance our knowledge and understanding in the field of joining and assembly. I would like to dedicate this book to my wife, Mehrnoosh, for her continued support and encouragement.
microstructure --- phased array ultrasonic --- thermophysical property --- FRP --- simulation --- eutectoid --- tint etching --- TAN alloy --- dissimilar material joining --- thermal compression bonding --- HAZ cracking --- welding thermal cycles --- IN738 superalloy --- carbide dissolution --- solder --- friction bit joining --- weld bonding --- interfacial microstructure --- adhesive thermos-mechanical property --- API 5L X80 steel --- scarf joint --- thermal spraying --- pores --- Cr-Mo steel --- welding --- hot pressing --- local brittle zone --- electrical properties --- Ti2AlNb alloy --- tool pin profiles --- adhesive bonding --- mechanical properties --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymer --- surface structuring --- m23c6 --- Zn-coated low carbon microalloyed steels --- flux-less soldering --- dissimilar joints --- energy-input --- medium thick plate model --- design of experiments --- oxide layer --- mechanical interlocking --- rotary friction-welding --- 22MnB5 --- ultrasonic bonding --- titanium --- anisotropy --- coupled arc --- heat-affected zone --- aluminum --- plasma-TIG --- joint mechanical properties --- hybrid joining --- microconstituent --- dual-phase steel --- high-crystalline content zirconia --- flex-on-board assembly --- active monomers --- butt joint --- copper --- clad filler foil --- SA213-T23 --- arc profile --- numerical simulation --- tailor welded blanks --- ceramics --- vacuum brazing --- coating --- longitudinal wave --- direct diffusion bonding --- metallurgy --- pressure distribution --- flow stress --- SnBi58 solder joint morphology --- adhesion --- dissimilar weldments --- laser welding --- distributed point heat sources model --- mechanical strength --- taguchi design --- bonding strength --- friction stir welding
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