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Quantitative land remote sensing has recently advanced dramatically, particularly in China. It has been largely driven by vast governmental investment, the availability of a huge amount of Chinese satellite data, geospatial information requirements for addressing pressing environmental issues and other societal benefits. Many individuals have also fostered and made great contributions to its development, and Prof. Xiaowen Li was one of these leading figures. This book is published in memory of Prof. Li. The papers collected in this book cover topics from surface reflectance simulation, inversion algorithm and estimation of variables, to applications in optical, thermal, Lidar and microwave remote sensing. The wide range of variables include directional reflectance, chlorophyll fluorescence, aerosol optical depth, incident solar radiation, albedo, surface temperature, upward longwave radiation, leaf area index, fractional vegetation cover, forest biomass, precipitation, evapotranspiration, freeze/thaw snow cover, vegetation productivity, phenology and biodiversity indicators. They clearly reflect the current level of research in this area. This book constitutes an excellent reference suitable for upper-level undergraduate students, graduate students and professionals in remote sensing.

gross primary production (GPP) --- interference filter --- Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) --- cost-efficient --- precipitation --- topographic effects --- land surface temperature --- Land surface emissivity --- scale effects --- spatial-temporal variations --- statistics methods --- inter-annual variation --- spatial representativeness --- FY-3C/MERSI --- sunphotometer --- PROSPECT --- passive microwave --- flux measurements --- urban scale --- vegetation dust-retention --- multiple ecological factors --- leaf age --- standard error of the mean --- LUT method --- spectra --- SURFRAD --- Land surface temperature --- aboveground biomass --- uncertainty --- land surface variables --- copper --- Northeast China --- forest disturbance --- end of growing season (EOS) --- random forest model --- probability density function --- downward shortwave radiation --- machine learning --- MODIS products --- composite slope --- daily average value --- canopy reflectance --- spatiotemporal representative --- light use efficiency --- hybrid method --- disturbance index --- quantitative remote sensing inversion --- SCOPE --- GPP --- South China’s --- anisotropic reflectance --- vertical structure --- snow cover --- land cover change --- start of growing season (SOS) --- MS–PT algorithm --- aerosol --- pixel unmixing --- HiWATER --- algorithmic assessment --- surface radiation budget --- latitudinal pattern --- ICESat GLAS --- vegetation phenology --- SIF --- metric comparison --- Antarctica --- spatial heterogeneity --- comprehensive field experiment --- reflectance model --- sinusoidal method --- NDVI --- BRDF --- cloud fraction --- NPP --- VPM --- China --- dense forest --- vegetation remote sensing --- Cunninghamia --- high resolution --- geometric-optical model --- phenology --- LiDAR --- ZY-3 MUX --- point cloud --- multi-scale validation --- Fraunhofer Line Discrimination (FLD) --- rice --- fractional vegetation cover (FVC) --- interpolation --- high-resolution freeze/thaw --- drought --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- controlling factors --- sampling design --- downscaling --- n/a --- Chinese fir --- MRT-based model --- RADARSAT-2 --- northern China --- leaf area density --- potential evapotranspiration --- black-sky albedo (BSA) --- decision tree --- CMA --- fluorescence quantum efficiency in dark-adapted conditions (FQE) --- surface solar irradiance --- validation --- geographical detector model --- vertical vegetation stratification --- spatiotemporal distribution and variation --- gap fraction --- phenological parameters --- spatio-temporal --- albedometer --- variability --- GLASS --- gross primary productivity (GPP) --- EVI2 --- machine learning algorithms --- latent heat --- GLASS LAI time series --- boreal forest --- leaf --- maize --- heterogeneity --- temperature profiles --- crop-growing regions --- satellite observations --- rugged terrain --- species richness --- voxel --- LAI --- TMI data --- GF-1 WFV --- spectral --- HJ-1 CCD --- leaf area index --- evapotranspiration --- land-surface temperature products (LSTs) --- SPI --- AVHRR --- Tibetan Plateau --- snow-free albedo --- PROSPECT-5B+SAILH (PROSAIL) model --- MCD43A3 C6 --- 3D reconstruction --- photoelectric detector --- multi-data set --- BEPS --- aerosol retrieval --- plant functional type --- multisource data fusion --- remote sensing --- leaf spectral properties --- solo slope --- land surface albedo --- longwave upwelling radiation (LWUP) --- terrestrial LiDAR --- AMSR2 --- geometric optical radiative transfer (GORT) model --- MuSyQ-GPP algorithm --- tree canopy --- FY-3C/MWRI --- meteorological factors --- solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence --- metric integration --- observations --- polar orbiting satellite --- arid/semiarid --- homogeneous and pure pixel filter --- thermal radiation directionality --- biodiversity --- gradient boosting regression tree --- forest canopy height --- Landsat --- subpixel information --- MODIS --- humidity profiles --- NIR --- geostationary satellite --- South China's --- MS-PT algorithm

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The need for energy is increasing and at the same time production from the conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions the most approachable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies it requires different and challenging approach to characterize and to develop such a resource. This special issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane.

bedding fractures --- failure criterion --- lamina --- tight oil --- tight sandstone --- finite element simulation --- numerical simulation --- unconventional reservoir --- permeability --- group method of data handling --- artificial neural network --- well logs --- sensitivity analysis --- tight gas reservoir --- multi-fractured horizontal well (MFHW) --- unstable productivity model --- productivity forecast --- influencing factor analysis --- horizontal well with multiple finite-conductivity fractures --- elliptical-shaped drainage --- productivity index --- non-Darcy flow --- pressure-dependent conductivity --- reservoir properties --- void space structure --- porosity --- complex rocks --- NMR --- MICP --- CT --- SEM --- coal-bearing tight sandstone --- organic-rich clasts --- occurrence --- classifications --- formation mechanisms --- Ordos Basin --- hydraulic fracturing --- fracturing fluids --- fluids-rock interaction --- environmental implication --- history matching --- semianalytic model --- unconventional gas reservoirs --- multistage fractured horizontal wells --- fractal theory --- pore structure --- heterogeneity --- NMR measurements --- multifractal analysis --- shale reservoir --- elastic properties --- brittleness --- rock physics --- brittle spot identification --- shale gas --- reservoir characteristics --- gas content --- eastern Sichuan Basin --- the Da’anzhai member --- pulse decay method --- gas adsorption --- dual media --- unconventional core --- natural fracture --- influencing factor --- oil production --- carbonate rock --- basement reservoir --- Jizhong Sub-basin --- dynamic pore network modeling --- shale reservoirs --- water imbibition --- discrete element method --- modified fluid-mechanical coupling algorithm --- injection sequence --- well spacing --- stress shadow effect --- seismic location --- microseismic events --- waveform stacking --- induced seismicity --- CBM --- surfactant --- solid-free drilling fluid --- CBM reservoir wettability --- machine learning --- lithofacies --- umiat --- Alaska --- proppant transportation --- cross fractures --- CFD simulation --- dimensional analysis --- equilibrium proppant height --- coalbed methane --- Lattice Boltzmann method --- gas diffusion --- adsorption–desorption --- pore-scale --- clay minerals --- pore structures --- tight gas reservoirs --- Xujiaweizi Rift --- Northern Songliao Basin --- methane adsorption isotherm --- coal properties --- gradient boosting decision tree --- estimation model --- shale gas reservoir --- geology --- Gibbs excess adsorption --- supercritical adsorption --- gas viscosity --- high voltage spark discharge --- electrohydraulic effect --- electrical conductivity --- drilling --- rock damage --- pressure waves --- water fracturing --- turbulence effect --- Eulerian multiphase modeling --- proppant transport mechanism --- equilibrium height prediction model --- adaptive filtering --- complex noise canceling --- electromagnetic telemetry --- multifractured horizontal wells --- production analysis --- irregular stimulated region --- natural gas hydrate --- seismic modeling --- fractional derivatives --- gas geochemical characteristics --- noble gas --- shale gas evolution --- Large Igneous Province (LIP) --- gas loss --- geological structure --- gas controlling pattern --- neutral surface --- tectonic movement --- Bumu region --- seismic interpretation --- depositional environments characteristics --- Wheeler diagram --- seismic attributes --- heterogeneous sequence --- sample size --- neutron scattering --- mercury injection capillary pressure --- adsorption --- shale --- junggar basin --- hong-che fault zone --- carboniferous --- volcanic reservoir --- main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation --- fracture --- vug --- micro CT --- carbonate --- wave velocity --- amorphous SiO2 --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray fluorescence spectrometry --- scanning electron microscope --- quantitative analysis --- void ratio --- FEM --- ABAQUS --- matrix porosity --- kerogen porosity --- water saturation --- gas hydrate --- saturation --- deep learning --- recurrent neural network --- molecular simulation --- enhanced oil recovery --- methane --- shale petroleum --- technological development --- patent --- network analysis --- imbibition --- osmosis --- unconventional formations --- EOR --- water flooding