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Water is the basis of all life. Preservation of aquatic ecosystems and protection of water resources thus are among the most important goals of a sustainable development. The quality of water is mainly determined by its constituents, the entirety of the substances dissolved or suspended in water. To assess the water quality on a sound basis requires in-depth knowledge about the occurrence, behavior and fate of these constituents. That explains the importance of hydrochemistry (also referred to as water chemistry or aquatic chemistry) as a scientific discipline that deals with water constituents and their reactions within the natural water cycle and within the cycle of water use. This textbook introduces the elementary basics of hydrochemistry with special focus on reaction equilibria in aquatic systems and their mathematical description. It is designed as an introductory textbook for students of all environment-related courses who are beginning their hydrochemical education. Only minor knowledge in General Chemistry is required to understand the text. The book is also suitable for continuing education. Topics discussed in this textbook include: structure and properties of water, concentration measures and activities, colligative properties, basics of chemical equilibria, gas-water partitioning, acid/base reactions, precipitation/dissolution, calco-carbonic equilibrium, redox reactions, complex formation, and sorption. The text is supplemented by numerous figures and tables. More than 50 examples within the text as well as more than 60 problems to be solved by the reader support the acquiring of knowledge. Complete and detailed solutions to all problems are given in a separate chapter.
Salinization. --- Water chemistry. --- Water usage. --- Water. --- Water chemistry --- Physical Geography --- Geography --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Aquatic chemistry --- Chemical hydrology --- Hydrochemistry --- Hydrogeochemistry --- Natural water chemistry --- Geochemistry --- Hydrology --- Aquatic systems, Hydrochemistry, Hydrochemical reactions, Water constituents, Water quality.
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Fluid and flow problems in porous media have attracted the attention of industrialists, engineers and scientists from varying disciplines, such as chemical, environmental, and mechanical engineering, geothermal physics and food science. There has been a increasing interest in heat and fluid flows through porous media, making this book a timely and appropriate resource.Each chapter is systematically detailed to be easily grasped by a research worker with basic knowledge of fluid mechanics, heat transfer and computational and experimental methods. At the same time, the readers will be in
532.546 --- 631.432.3 --- 664.8.036 --- In porous media --- Permeability. Lessivage. Leaching. Mobility of soil constituents --- Food preservation by heating --- 664.8.036 Food preservation by heating --- 631.432.3 Permeability. Lessivage. Leaching. Mobility of soil constituents --- 532.546 In porous media --- Transport theory. --- Porous materials. --- Porous materials --- Fluid mechanics. --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Porous media --- Materials --- Porosity --- Boltzmann transport equation --- Transport phenomena --- Mathematical physics --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Radiation --- Statistical mechanics --- Thermal properties. --- Fluid dynamics.
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Research into thermal convection in porous media has substantially increased during recent years due to its numerous practical applications. These problems have attracted the attention of industrialists, engineers and scientists from many very diversified disciplines, such as applied mathematics, chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical and nuclear engineering, geothermal physics and food science. Thus, there is a wealth of information now available on convective processes in porous media and it is therefore appropriate and timely to undertake a new critical evaluation of this contemporary i
Porous materials --- 532.546 --- 631.432.3 --- 664.8.036 --- 664.8.036 Food preservation by heating --- Food preservation by heating --- 631.432.3 Permeability. Lessivage. Leaching. Mobility of soil constituents --- Permeability. Lessivage. Leaching. Mobility of soil constituents --- 532.546 In porous media --- In porous media --- Porous media --- Materials --- Porosity --- Fluid dynamics --- Permeable media --- Porous materials. --- Monograph --- Fluid dynamics. --- Dynamics --- Fluid mechanics --- Basic Sciences. Physics --- Transport Phenomena.
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ASTRONOMERS’ OBSERVING GUIDES provide up-to-date information for amateur astronomers who want to know all about what it is they are observing. This is the basis of the first part of the book. The second part details observing techniques for practical astronomers, working with a range of different instruments. Have you ever been on the beach at night, watching the sky overhead, and seen streaks of light against the background of stars? Though many people still refer to these as shooting stars, they are, of course, not stars. They are meteors—small chunks of rock and ice debris from disintegrating comets that are careening through our Solar System and sometimes enter Earth’s atmosphere. Most are so small that they burn up as they enter the atmosphere. These are called meteors. In a meteor shower, many meteors can be seen streaking across the sky in a short time. A few meteors make it through intact and descend to Earth as meteorites. Watching these beautiful streaks of light in the sky can be an exciting pastime, and it can result in some important science. Robert Lunsford explains what meteors are, where they come from, and what happens to them as they whiz through space and enter our atmosphere. He tells how to observe meteors and meteor showers, what equipment to use, what you should look for, where you should look, and much more. Armed with the information in this book and with very little effort and equipment, you can begin your regular search of the heavens right now and join the ranks of those who have made this rewarding pastime a lifetime hobby. Practical Astronomy ISBN 978-0-387-09460-1 springer.com.
Meteors --- Astronomy --- Popular works. --- Planetology. --- Observations, Astronomical. --- Space sciences. --- Astronomy. --- Popular Science. --- Popular Science in Astronomy. --- Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Sciences. --- Astronomy, Observations and Techniques. --- Physical sciences --- Space sciences --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Astronomical observations --- Observations, Astronomical --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Observations. --- Astronomical meteors --- Falling stars --- Fireballs (Meteors) --- Shooting stars (Meteors) --- Stars, Falling --- Stars, Shooting --- Near-Earth objects --- Plant products. --- Phytochemistry. Phytobiochemistry --- 581.1 --- 581.19 --- 581.19 Chemical constituents of plants --- Chemical constituents of plants --- 581.1 Plant physiology --- Plant physiology --- Plant products --- Produits végétaux --- Astrophysics. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomical physics --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Astronomy—Observations.
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The book examines to what extent the mediating relation between constituents and their semantics can arise from combinatory knowledge of words. It traces the roots of Combinatory Categorial Grammar, and uses the theory to promote a Humean question in linguistics and cognitive science: Why do we see limited constituency and dependency in natural languages, despite their diversity and potential infinity? A potential answer is that constituents and dependencies might have arisen from a single resource: adjacency. The combinatory formulation of adjacency constrains possible grammars.
English language -- Adjective. --- English language -- Grammar. --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Grammatical categories --- History --- Generative grammar. --- Linguistics. --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Grammar, Generative --- Grammar, Transformational --- Grammar, Transformational generative --- Transformational generative grammar --- Transformational grammar --- Derivation --- Language and languages --- Psycholinguistics --- Constituents. --- Dependency Relations. --- Grammar. --- Syntax.
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At first glance, campaign finance reform looks like a good idea. McCain-Feingold, for instance, regulates campaigns by prohibiting national political parties from accepting soft money contributions from corporations, labor unions, and wealthy individuals. But are such measures, or any of the numerous and similarly restrictive proposals that have circulated through Washington in recent years, really good for our democracy?. John Samples says no, and here he takes a penetrating look into the premises and consequences of the long crusade against big money in politics. How many Americans, he asks,
Campaign funds --- Law and legislation --- campaign finance reform, politics, political science, party system, interest groups, lobbying, corruption, elections, candidates, fundraising, campaigning, nonfiction, government, democracy, regulation, mccain-feingold, soft money, corporations, unions, wealth, congress, negative ads, voter turnout, incumbents, constituents, electoral competition, funds, law, legislation, electorate, constituency, representation, equality, voting.
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Bodem--Bescherming --- Bodembescherming --- Bodemverontreiniging --- Contamination of soil --- Pollution du sol --- Protection [Soil ] --- Protection du sol --- Protection of soils --- Soil contamination --- Soil pollution --- Soil protection --- Soils [Protection of ] --- Sol [Pollution du ] --- Sols--Protection --- Verontreiniging [Bodem] --- 502.65 --- 631.453 --- 632.122 --- 614.776 --- Conservation of exploitable natural resources. Soil conservation, recultivation, improvement. Water conservation. Mineral resources --- Soil toxicity --- Injurious or toxic constituents --- 632.122 Injurious or toxic constituents --- 631.453 Soil toxicity --- 502.65 Conservation of exploitable natural resources. Soil conservation, recultivation, improvement. Water conservation. Mineral resources --- 614.77 --- 631.41 --- 631.6.02 --- Bodemsanering --- 631.6.02 Soil and water conservation. Erosion control --- Soil and water conservation. Erosion control --- 631.41 Chemical and physicochemical soil properties --- Chemical and physicochemical soil properties --- 614.77 Soil. Effect of soil and its effluvia on health. Topography and health --- Soil. Effect of soil and its effluvia on health. Topography and health --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Environmental Management --- Environmental Pollution --- Soil Pollution.
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Thirty years ago there were nine African Americans in the U.S. House of Representatives. Today there are four times that number. In Going Home, the dean of congressional studies, Richard F. Fenno, explores what representation has meant-and means today-to black voters and to the politicians they have elected to office. Fenno follows the careers of four black representatives-Louis Stokes, Barbara Jordan, Chaka Fattah, and Stephanie Tubbs Jones-from their home districts to the halls of the Capitol. He finds that while these politicians had different visions of how they should represent their districts (in part based on their individual preferences, and in part based on the history of black politics in America), they shared crucial organizational and symbolic connections to their constituents. These connections, which draw on a sense of "linked fates," are ones that only black representatives can provide to black constituents. His detailed portraits and incisive analyses will be important for anyone interested in the workings of Congress or in black politics.
African Americans --- African American legislators --- Politics and government --- Jordan, Barbara, --- Stokes, Louis, --- Fattah, Chaka, --- Jones, Stephanie Tubbs, --- United States. --- Constituent communication --- representation, voters, black politicians, stephanie tubbs jones, chaka fattah, barbara jordan, louis stokes, district, capitol, legislators, politics, history, nonfiction, constituency, constituents, congress, communication, government, diversity, inclusion, influence, personal goals, experience, strategy, negotiation, connections, liberty hill baptist church, campaign, dewey street award program, party, protection, minority, race, racism, discrimination, bias, political science.
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Friction stir welding (FSW) is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in decades and, in addition, is a ""green"" technology due to its energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, and versatility. This process offers a number of advantages over conventional joining processes. Furthermore, because welding occurs via the deformation of material at temperatures below the melting temperature, many problems commonly associated with joining of dissimilar alloys can be avoided, and thus, high-quality welds are produced. Due to this fact, FSW has been widely used in different industrial applications where metallurgical characteristics should be retained, such as in the aeronautic, naval, and automotive industries.
n/a --- microstructure --- material flow --- stainless steel --- materials position --- friction stir processing --- surface composites --- material orientation --- high nitrogen steel --- force–deflection model --- FSW --- mechanical properties --- FSW process --- dissimilar metal welding --- lognormal distribution --- grain orientation --- dissimilar joints --- friction-stir welding --- pin shapes --- deflection compensation control --- plunge depth control --- process analysis --- high-temperature softening materials --- Al/Fe dissimilar joining --- post-weld heat treatment --- aluminum alloy --- abnormal grain growth --- particle distribution --- intermetallic compounds --- non-equilibrium segregation --- microstructure analysis --- tilt angle --- Vickers microhardness --- the rotational speeds --- adaptive control --- offset position control --- friction stir spot welding --- friction --- plunge depth --- mechanical strength --- mechanical behaviour --- dissimilar welded joints --- friction stir welding --- Fe-containing constituents --- high rotation speed friction stir welding --- force-deflection model
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Environmental conditions and nutritional stress may greatly affect crop performance. Abiotic stresses such as temperature (cold, heat), water (drought, flooding), irradiance, salinity, nutrients, and heavy metals can strongly affect plant growth dynamics and the yield and quality of horticultural products. Such effects have become of greater importance during the course of global climate change. Different strategies and techniques can be used to detect, investigate, and mitigate the effects of environmental and nutritional stress. Horticultural crop management is moving towards digitized, precision management through wireless remote-control solutions, but data analysis, although a traditional approach, remains the basis of stress detection and crop management. This Special Issue summarizes the recent progress in agronomic management strategies to detect and reduce environmental and nutritional stress effects on the yield and quality of horticultural crops.
Capsicum annuum --- heat units --- plant population density --- hail damage --- baby corn --- non-leguminous cover crops --- chopping --- baby corn yield --- baby corn quality --- kharif season --- Thuja standishii × plicata --- container production --- nursery production --- volumetric water content --- vegetables --- water deficit --- climate change --- polyols --- minerals --- flavonoids --- carotenoids --- salinity --- evapotranspiration --- leaching fraction --- calcium --- cactus pear --- GA3 --- injection application --- spraying application --- lignification --- photosynthesis --- chlorophyll --- proline --- ion leakage --- susceptibility --- electrical conductivity --- greenhouse --- image processing --- nutrient stress --- remote sensing --- Bradyrhizobium --- temperature-dependent distribution --- nodule composition --- proliferation in soil --- infection --- French bean --- mangetout --- peas --- antioxidant --- ascorbic acid --- total phenolic content --- mineral composition --- Bradyrhizobium japonicum --- Bradyrhizobium elkanii --- temperature effects --- growth --- competitive infection --- biochemical constituents --- β-carotene --- vitamins --- micro-nutrients --- growing environments --- Brix --- TAcy --- nitrogen --- potassium --- compositional data --- cranberry yield parameters --- firmness --- local diagnosis --- redundancy analysis --- n/a
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