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Le 5 septembre 1798, à la fin du Directoire, la loi Jourdan institutionnalise les expériences de la Révolution et fait triompher le principe selon lequel tout citoyen se doit à la défense de la Patrie. Désormais, et pour deux siècles, les Français n’envisagent pas d’autre voie pour fonder une armée nationale que celle qui recourt à la conscription. Instrument essentiel de l’État-nation centralisateur, la conscription est aussi un facteur d’unification nationale. Toutefois, certaines régions lui opposent une résistance qui alimente la légende noire de l’institution. On en oublierait presque les régions qui l’ont acceptée dès le Consulat et l’Empire. Tel est le cas de la Seine-et-Marne. La facilité et la rapidité avec lesquelles s’effectue la levée du contingent, ainsi que la faiblesse de l’insoumission déclarée sont des signes de cette adhésion, même si l’obéissance de la population dont se félicitent les préfets successifs n’exclut pas l’usage occasionnel de biais, légaux ou illégaux, pour échapper à la conscription. À quelques nuances près, cette acceptation se maintient encore pendant les « années sombres » de la fin de l’ère napoléonienne. Le long terme et le court terme se conjuguent pour expliquer l’enracinement de l’institution en Seine-et-Marne. Pays de grande culture, au cœur de l’État-nation, ouvert à l’influence de Paris qu’il approvisionne, où rares sont les communautés rurales repliées sur elles-mêmes, le département a répondu favorablement aux levées révolutionnaires qui ont précédé celles de la conscription. La Seine-et-Marne est emblématique de ces régions où le degré de développement économique et culturel ne fait pas obstacle à la réussite de la conscription, signe de leur ancrage dans la modernité.

History --- armée --- histoire militaire --- conscription --- militaires --- contingent

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Accountability and redress for Imperial Japan's wartime "comfort women" have provoked international debate in the past two decades. While personal narratives of "comfort station" survivors have been published in English, there has been a dearth of information about the women forced into service in these stations in Mainland China - a major theatre of the Asia-Pacific War. Through personal narratives from twelve Chinese "comfort station" survivors, this book reveals the unfathomable atrocities committed during the war and correlates the proliferation of "comfort stations" with the progression of Japan's military offensive. Drawing on investigative reports, local histories, and witness testimony, Chinese Comfort Women puts a human face on China's war experience and on the injustices suffered by hundreds of thousands of Chinese women.

Comfort women --- Service, Compulsory non-military --- History --- Compulsory non-military service --- Conscript labor --- Labor, Conscription of --- Labor conscription --- Forced labor --- National service --- Contract labor --- Military comfort women --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Women

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This collection of sociological studies on the armed forces and conflict resolution deals with three types of developments the military is facing. First, the types of conflicts in which the military finds itself have become less predictable and more erratic, and hence, ways to respond are not easy to plan and organize. Apart from regular interstate warfare, the military nowadays is increasingly prepared to cope with irregular conflicts, such as terrorist threats and attacks, peacekeeping operations and indeed - warlike missions. Second, the economic conditions of many states are weakening. Citizens demand collective resources to be spent on care and cure, not conflict, therefore the way the military organizes and uses its resources to cope with the tasks they are set becomes increasingly important. Third, in most nations the conscript system has become history, and this creates new challenges in terms of recruiting volunteer soldiers. What becomes clear from the contributions to this volume is that the armed forces have to change their view of the world, the nature of conflicts and their profession greatly. Volume 19 of Contributions to Conflict Management, Peace Economic and Development presents the argument that the armed forces face a choice that will determine their position in society in times to come.

Military art and science --- Draft. --- History --- Economic aspects. --- Draft.History --- Political Science --- International relations. --- Compulsory military service --- Conscription, Military --- Military conscription --- Military draft --- Military service, Compulsory --- Military training, Universal --- Selective service --- Service, Compulsory military --- Universal military training --- National service --- Recruiting and enlistment --- Conscientious objectors --- Fighting --- Military power --- Military science --- Warfare --- Warfare, Primitive --- Naval art and science --- War --- Peace.

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Beginning in 1943, US Army leaders such as John M. Palmer, Walter L. Weible, George C. Marshall, and John J. McCloy mounted a sustained and vigorous campaign to establish a system of universal military training (UMT) in America. Fearful of repeating the rapid demobilization and severe budget cuts that had accompanied peace following World War I, these leaders saw UMT as the basis for their postwar plans. As a result, they promoted UMT extensively and aggressively.In Every Citizen a Soldier: The Campaign for Universal Military Training after World War II, William A. Taylor illustrates how army

Military education --- Draft --- Army schools --- Education, Military --- Military art and science --- Military schools --- Military training --- Schools, Military --- Education --- Compulsory military service --- Conscription, Military --- Military conscription --- Military draft --- Military service, Compulsory --- Military training, Universal --- Selective service --- Service, Compulsory military --- Universal military training --- National service --- Recruiting and enlistment --- Conscientious objectors --- History --- Study and teaching

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A Township at War is the story of one community, the southern Ontario township of East Flamborough, during the First World War. It takes the reader from rural Canadian field and farm to the slopes of Vimy Ridge and the mud of Passchendaele, and shows how a tightly knit community was consumed and transformed by the trauma of war. In 1914, East Flamborough was like a thousand other rural townships in Canada, broadly representative in its wartime experience. A Township at War draws from rich narrative sources to reveal what rural people were like a century ago - how they saw the world, what they valued, and how they lived their lives. We see them coming to terms with global events that took their loved ones to distant battlefields, and dealing with the prosaic challenges of everyday life. Fall fairs, recruiting meetings, church services, school concerts - all are re-imagined to understand how rural Canadians coped with war, modernism, and a world that was changing more quickly than they were. This is a story of resilience and idealism, of violence and small-mindedness, of a world that has long disappeared and one that remains with us to this day.

World War, 1914-1918 --- East Flamborough (Ont.) --- History --- 129th Battalion . --- 1917 election . --- Canadian Expeditionary Force . --- Canadian history . --- Canadian military history . --- East Flamborough, Ontario . --- First World War . --- Ontario history . --- Passchendaele . --- Vimy Ridge . --- Ypres . --- conscription . --- local history. --- rural Canada .