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The Natural History Museum of the University of Florence, founded in 1775 by Grand-Duke Pietro Leopold, is the oldest scientific museum in Europe. With this second volume on the Botanical Collection, Florence University Press continues its series dedicated to the six Sections of the Museum. The first part of the volume recounts the birth of botanical sciences in Florence and the history of the museum collections from sixteenth century to today. Then follows the second part which describes the historical and modern Herbaria, for each of which the main events that went to their formation, the importance of the plants they contain and biographical information on those who built the collections are described. The third section expounds the other collections in the Botanical Section of the Museum, among which of particular interest are the wax models of plants and fruits, manufactured by the old Grand-ducal Ceroplastics Laboratory, the wood collection, plaster of Paris mushrooms and the eighteenth century still life paintings of fruits and vegetables by Bartolomeo Bimbi. Finally, the last part illustrates the importance that herbaria play today in modern scientific research, drawing attention to the fact that they are an archive that holds taxonomical, chorological and ecological information in function of the plants they contain, as well as historical-biographical information on the scholars who, through their efforts, built up the collections.

Storia Naturale --- Botanica --- Biologia --- Museo di storia naturale --- Firenze

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Medicinal plants supply the ever-growing needs of humankind for natural chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agrochemicals, and chemical additives. These plants contain bioactive secondary metabolites, which possess antimalarial, anthelminthic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiarthritic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anticancer, antifungal, antispasmodic, cardioprotective, antithyroid, and antihistaminic properties. Secondary metabolites play a major role in the adaptation of plants to the changing environment and stress condition as they are affected by both biotic and abiotic stress. Humans rely on medicinal plants for various needs since ancient time, and their population still seems enough for fulfilling our demands. However, in the foreseeable future, we will be forced to think about the accessibility of resources for future generations. For these reasons, we must look for alternative sustainable options of resources which can protect these immensely important medicinal plants from various stresses induced by challenging environment. Evolving eco-friendly methodologies and mechanisms to improve these plants' responses to unfavorable environmental circumstances is important in creating significant tools for better understanding of plant adaptations to various abiotic stresses and sustaining the supply of pharmaceuticals as global climate change intensifies. One of the great challenges in the near future will be the sustainable production of medicinal plants under increasing adverse effects of climate change. A combination of adverse demographic factors and climatological perturbations is expected to impact food and pharmaceutical production globally. Despite the induction of several tolerance mechanisms, medicinal plants often fail to survive under environmental extremes. To ensure their sustainable production under adverse conditions, multidisciplinary approaches are needed, and useful leads are likely to emerge. However, improving plants' performance under restrictive growth conditions requires a deep understanding of the molecular processes that underlie their extraordinary physiological plasticity. This edited volume emphasizes the recent updates about the current research on medicinal plants covering different aspects related to challenges and opportunities in the concerned field. This book is an attempt to bring together global researchers who have been engaged in the area of stress signaling, crosstalk, and mechanisms of medicinal plants. The book will provide a direction towards implementation of programs and practices that will enable sustainable production of medicinal plants resilient to challenging environmental conditions. Moreover, this book will instigate and commence readers to state-of-the-art developments and trends in this field.

Meteorology. Climatology --- Botany --- botanie --- planten --- klimaatverandering --- Sustainable development. --- Environmental management. --- Plantes medicinals --- Botànica mèdica

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Auguste Prouvensal de Saint-Hilaire (1779-1853) débarque au Brésil en décembre 1816 avec la délégation du Duc de Luxembourg, au moment où ce pays s’ouvre plus largement aux scientifiques et artistes étrangers. Il revient en France six ans plus tard après avoir réuni des collections d’histoire naturelle (plantes, animaux, minéraux), et recueilli un nombre important de données sur l’histoire, la géographie physique, les langues indigènes et l’usage des produits naturels. Les historiens et les biologistes brésiliens considèrent aujourd’hui que les descriptions qui figurent dans ses récits de voyages, constituent un état des lieux des paysages et de la société brésilienne essentiel à la connaissance de ce grand pays. Dans ce livre, le regard croisé des scientifiques et des historiens, français et brésiliens, dessine la figure originale d’un savant botaniste et explorateur dont la démarche scientifique peut être qualifiée de moderne. La publication annotée de Réponse aux reproches que les gens du monde font à l’étude de la botanique (Orléans, 1811) et de larges extraits d’un de ses cahiers de récolte permet aux lecteurs de mieux appréhender les concepts et la démarche de ce botaniste mal connu. Une bibliographie exhaustive et annotée complète cet ouvrage, en français et en portugais, très largement illustré. Botanist Auguste Prouvensal de Saint-Hilaire landed in Brazil with the delegation of the Duc de Luxembourg in December, 1816, when this country was first opening more widely to foreign scientists and artists. He returned to France six years later having gathered significant natural history collections (of plants, animals, and minerals) and a great deal of information on the region’s history, physical geography, and uses of its natural products. In this bilingual French-Portuguese book, contemporary French and Brazilian historians and biologists explore how the descriptions that appear in this little-known botanist and explorer’s writings not only provide a window…

History & Philosophy Of Science --- histoire des sciences --- sciences de l'homme --- botanique --- Ciências humanas --- Botânica --- História de ciências

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This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on plant-microbiome interactions and associations. It covers all major mechanistic approaches used to investigate microbes’ impacts on plant growth promotion, disease control and health. The industrial manufacture of nitrogen currently accounts for roughly 2% of the world’s total energy consumption. Microbial products are expected to reduce the need for costly fertilizers, as well as chemical pesticides and fungicides. While beneficial microorganisms are increasingly being used in agriculture, abiotic and biotic stresses such as heat, drought, cold, and salt can quickly kill or render them useless in the field. However, discovering new and better treatments is a lengthy process due to the considerable microbial diversity found in soils. Researchers have now proposed using biotechnological approaches to accelerate the process of microbial technology development. The fact that plant-associated microbes stimulate plant growth and development is well known, as the examples of rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi show. The mechanisms by which these microorganisms maintain plant growth include the production of phytohormones, fixation of nitrogen, and the mobilization of phosphorus and minerals. The plant microbiome is also involved in pathogen suppression, and especially the root microbiome acts as a protective shield against soil-borne pathogens. A special feature of this book is its multidisciplinary approach, spanning from plant microbiology/biocontrol, fungal and bacterial endophytes, plant physiology, to biochemistry, proteomics and genomics. It is ideally suited for researchers and student of agri-biotechnology, soil biology and fungal biology.

Microbiology. --- Microbial ecology. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Microbial biology --- Floristic botany --- Microbiologia --- Botànica --- Biologia de les plantes --- Biologia vegetal --- Fitografia --- Fitologia --- Regne vegetal --- Ciències de la vida --- Ciències naturals --- Estudi de la natura --- Anatomia vegetal --- Arbres --- Arbustos --- Botànica econòmica --- Botànica forense --- Botànica mèdica --- Briologia --- Etnobotànica --- Fecundació de les plantes --- Ficologia --- Fisiologia vegetal --- Fitogeografia --- Flora --- Floricultura --- Flors --- Fruita --- Herbaris --- Hibridació vegetal --- Llavors --- Micologia --- Paleobotànica --- Palinologia --- Taxonomia botànica --- Variació (Biologia) --- Plantes --- Biologia --- Bacteriologia --- Ecologia microbiana --- Genètica microbiana --- Microbiologia agrícola --- Microbiologia aquàtica --- Microbiologia dels sòls --- Microbiologia mèdica --- Microbiologia molecular --- Protozous --- Química microbiològica --- Virologia --- Microorganismes --- Microscòpia

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This book presents a timely review of the latest advances in rhizosphere biology, which have been facilitated by the application of omics tools. It includes chapters on the use of various omics tools in rhizosphere biology, focusing on understanding plant and soil microbe interactions. The role of proteomics and metagenomics in research on symbiotic association is also discussed in detail. The book also includes chapters on the use of omics tools for the isolation of functional biomolecules from rhizospheric microorganisms. The book’s respective sections describe and provide detailed information on important omics tools, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and meta-epigenomics. In turn, the book promotes and describes the combined use of plant biology, microbial ecology, and soil sciences to design new research strategies and innovative methods in soil biology. Lastly, it highlights the considerable potential of the rhizosphere in terms of crop productivity, bioremediation, ecological engineering, plant nutrition and health, as well as plant adaptation to stress conditions. This book offers both a practical guide and reference source for all scientists working in soil biology, plant pathology, etc. It will also benefit students studying soil microbiology, and researchers studying rhizosphere structure. .

Microbial ecology. --- Bacteriology. --- Microbiology. --- Plant pathology. --- Systems biology. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Eukaryotic Microbiology. --- Plant Pathology. --- Systems Biology. --- Computational biology --- Bioinformatics --- Biological systems --- Molecular biology --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Plants --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Microbiology --- Environmental microbiology --- Ecology --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Rhizosphere. --- Roots (Botany) --- Soils --- Rizosfera --- Botànica --- Biologia de les plantes --- Biologia vegetal --- Fitografia --- Fitologia --- Regne vegetal --- Ciències de la vida --- Ciències naturals --- Estudi de la natura --- Anatomia vegetal --- Arbres --- Arbustos --- Botànica econòmica --- Botànica forense --- Botànica mèdica --- Briologia --- Etnobotànica --- Fecundació de les plantes --- Ficologia --- Fisiologia vegetal --- Fitogeografia --- Flora --- Floricultura --- Flors --- Fruita --- Herbaris --- Hibridació vegetal --- Llavors --- Micologia --- Paleobotànica --- Palinologia --- Taxonomia botànica --- Variació (Biologia) --- Plantes --- Sòls --- Arrels (Botànica)