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988-96-X

atoomfysica --- kwantumleer --- wetenschappers --- Bohr, Niels --- 530.145 --- 5 <09> --- 53 <092> --- 929 BOHR, NIELS --- #GGSB: Wetenschap --- 001 wetenschap --- 929 biografieën --- 53 fysica --- 530.4 --- Bohr --- 929 --- Niels Bohr --- Quantummechanica --- biografie --- bohr --- quantummechanica --- quantumtheorie --- 5 <09> Geschiedenis van wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen --- Geschiedenis van wiskunde en natuurwetenschappen --- 530.145 Quantum theory --- Quantum theory --- 929 BOHR, NIELS Biografie. Genealogie. Heraldiek--BOHR, NIELS --- Biografie. Genealogie. Heraldiek--BOHR, NIELS --- 53 <092> Physics--Biografieën --- Physics--Biografieën --- Geschiedenis der natuurkunde - Natuurkundigen --- Kwantummechanica --- Fysica --- Wetenschap

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Niels Bohr's atomic theory of 1913 is one of the absolute highlights in the history of modern science. It was only with this work that physicists realized that quantum theory is an essential ingredient in atomic physics, and it was also only with this work that Rutherford's nuclear model dating from 1911 was transformed into a proper theory of atomic structure. In a longer perspective, Bohr's quantum atom of 1913 gave rise to the later Heisenberg-Schrödinger quantum mechanics and all its marvellous consequences. This book is a detailed account of the origin of the Bohr atom centred around his original scientific articles of 1913 which are here reproduced and provided with the necessary historical background. In addition to the so-called trilogy - the three papers published in Philosophical Magazine - also two other and less well-known yet important papers are included. The present work starts with a condensed biographical account of Bohr's life and scientific career, from his birth in Copenhagen in 1885 to his death in the same city 77 years later. It then proceeds with a chapter outlining earlier ideas of atomic structure and tracing Bohr's route from his doctoral dissertation in 1911 over his stays in Cambridge and Manchester to the submission in April 1913 of the first part of the trilogy. The reproduction of Bohr's five articles is followed by notes and comments directly related to the texts, with the aim of clarifying some of the textual passages and to explicate names and subjects that may not be clear or well known. The reception of Bohr's radically new theory by contemporary physicists and chemists is discussed in a final chapter, which deals with the immediate reactions to Bohr's theory 1913-1915 mostly among British, German and American scientists. Historians of science have long been occupied with Bohr's atomic theory, which was the subject of careful studies in connection with its centenary in 2013. The present work offers an extensive source-based account of the original theory aimed at a non-specialist audience with an interest in the history of physics and the origin of the quantum world. In 1922 Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize for his theory. The coming centenary will undoubtedly cause an increased interest in how he arrived at his revolutionary picture of the constitution of atoms and molecules.

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- Physicists --- Quantum theory --- Teoria quàntica --- Història --- Físics --- History. --- Bohr, Niels, --- Dinamarca --- Història.

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"This book recalls, for nonscientific readers, the history of quantum mechanics, the main points of its interpretation, and Einstein's objections to it, together with the responses engendered by his arguments. We point out that most popular discussions on the strange aspects of quantum mechanics ignore the fundamental fact that Einstein was correct in his insistence that the theory does not directly describe reality. While that fact does not remove these counterintuitive features, it casts them in a different light."--page vi.

Quantum theory --- History. --- Bohr, Niels, --- Einstein, Albert, --- Boer, Niersi, --- Boerh, Niersi, --- Bohr, N. --- Bohr, Niels Henrik David, --- Bor, Nil's, --- Einstein, Albert --- Aiyinsitan, Abote, --- Aĭnshtaĭn, Albert, --- Ainshutain, A, --- Ain̲sṭain̲, Ālparṭ, --- Ainsṭāina, Albarṭa, --- Ajnštajn, Albert, --- Āynishtayn, --- Aynshtayn, Albert, --- Eĭnshteĭn, Alʹbert, --- אינשטין, אלברט, --- איינשטיין --- איינשטיין, אלבערט, --- איינשטיין, אלברט --- איינשטיין, אלברט, --- Aynştayn, Elbêrt, --- Īnshtīn, --- Aynîştayn, --- Aiyinsitan, --- 愛因斯坦, --- 爱因斯坦,

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Quantum mechanics, discovered by Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger in 1925-1926, is famous for its radical implications for our conception of physics and for our view of human knowledge in general. While these implications have been seen as scientifically productive and intellectually liberating to some, Niels Bohr and Heisenberg, among them, they have been troublesome to many others, including Schrödinger and, most famously, Albert Einstein. The situation led to the intense debate that started in the wake of its discovery and has continued into our own time, with no end appearing to be in sight. Epistemology and Probability aims to contribute to our understanding of quantum mechanics and of the reasons for its extraordinary impact by reconsidering, under the rubric of "nonclassical epistemology," the nature of epistemology and probability, and their relationships in quantum theory. The book brings together the thought of the three figures most responsible for the rise of quantum mechanics—Heisenberg and Schrödinger, on the physical side, and Bohr, on the philosophical side—in order to develop a deeper sense of the physical, mathematical, and philosophical workings of quantum-theoretical thinking. Reciprocally, giving a special emphasis on probability and specifically to the Bayesian concept of probability allows the book to gain new insights into the thought of these figures. The book reconsiders, from this perspective, the Bohr-Einstein debate on the epistemology of quantum physics and, in particular, offers a new treatment of the famous experiment of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR), and of the Bohr-Einstein exchange concerning the subject. It also addresses the relevant aspects of quantum information theory and considers the implications of its epistemological argument for higher-level quantum theories, such as quantum field theory and string and brane theories. One of the main contributions of the book is its analysis of the role of mathematics in quantum theory and in the thinking of Bohr, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger, in particular an examination of the new (vis-à-vis classical physics and relativity) type of the relationships between mathematics and physics introduced by Heisenberg in the course of his discovery of quantum mechanics. Although Epistemology and Probability is aimed at physicists, philosophers and historians of science, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in these fields, it is also written with a broader audience in mind and is accessible to readers unfamiliar with the higher-level mathematics used in quantum theory.

Schro ̈dinger equation. --- Schro ̈dinger, Erwin,. --- Quantum theory --- Physics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Complementarity (Physics) --- Wave-particle duality --- Causality (Physics) --- Heisenberg uncertainty principle --- Schrèodinger equation --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- History --- Mathematics --- Philosophy --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Wave-particle duality. --- Heisenberg uncertainty principle. --- Schrd̲inger equation. --- History. --- Mathematics. --- Philosophy. --- Bohr, Niels, --- Schrödinger, Erwin, --- Heisenberg, Werner, --- Indeterminancy principle --- Uncertainty principle --- Causality --- Dualism, Wave-particle --- Duality principle (Physics) --- Wave-corpuscle duality --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Geĭzenberg, V. --- Heisenberg, W. --- Heisenberg, Werner --- Schredinger, Ervin, --- Schrödinger, E. --- Boer, Niersi, --- Boerh, Niersi, --- Bohr, N. --- Bohr, Niels Henrik David, --- Bor, Nil's, --- Physics. --- Epistemology. --- Philosophy and science. --- Probabilities. --- Quantum physics. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes. --- Quantum Physics. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Nuclear physics --- Electromagnetic waves --- Matter --- Radiation --- Wave mechanics --- Psychology --- Constitution --- Schroedinger, Erwin, --- Schrdinger equation. --- Schrodinger, Erwin,

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How did chemistry and physics acquire their separate identities, and are they on their way to losing them again? Mary Jo Nye has written a graceful account of the historical demarcation of chemistry from physics and subsequent reconvergences of the two, from Lavoisier and Dalton in the late eighteenth century to Robinson, Ingold, and Pauling in the mid-twentieth century.Using the notion of a disciplinary "identity" analogous to ethnic or national identity, Nye develops a theory of the nature of disciplinary structure and change. She discusses the distinctive character of chemical language and theories and the role of national styles and traditions in building a scientific discipline. Anyone interested in the history of scientific thought will enjoy pondering with her the question of whether chemists of the mid-twentieth century suspected chemical explanation had been reduced to physical laws, just as Newtonian mechanical philosophers had envisioned in the eighteenth century.

Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Chemistry, Theoretical --- Physical chemistry --- Theoretical chemistry --- Chemistry --- History --- atomic theory. --- atomism. --- atoms. --- carbon. --- chemical bond. --- chemical physicals. --- chemistry. --- chemists. --- dalton. --- ingold. --- kinetics. --- lavoisier. --- mechanical philosophers. --- molecules. --- niels bohr. --- nonfiction. --- organic chemistry. --- pauling. --- photochemistry. --- physical chemistry. --- physical laws. --- physics. --- quantum chemistry. --- quantum mechanics. --- radiation. --- robinson. --- science. --- scientific disciplines. --- scientific fields. --- solution theory. --- statistical mechanics. --- theoretical chemistry. --- thermochemistry. --- thermodynamics.