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This Special Issue addresses a topic of great relevance. In developed countries, there is a higher prevalence of people choosing to spend time indoors. Data show that the time a person spends at home ranges from 60% to 90% of the day, and 30% of that time is spent sleeping, though this varies depending on the individual. Taking into account these data, indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health. Furthermore, in developing countries, significant levels of indoor pollution make housing unsafe, impacting the health of its inhabitants. Housing is therefore a key health factor for people all over the world: various parameters such as air quality, ventilation, hygrothermal comfort, lighting, physical environment, and building efficiency can contribute to healthy architecture; poor application of these parameters can result in conditions that negatively impact health.

gappy proper orthogonal decomposition --- sparse sensor observations --- contaminant distribution --- reconstruction --- CFD --- energy efficiency --- data envelopment analysis --- literature review --- future research --- weather data --- calibration --- sensors --- energy simulation --- sensors saving --- methodology --- Building Energy Models (BEMs) --- water flow glazing --- dynamic building envelope --- life cycle assessment --- building integrated PV panels --- levelized cost of energy --- daylighting --- circadian lighting --- indoor lighting --- dopamine --- myopia --- self-renovation --- habits and comfort --- sustainable building material --- cultural heritage buildings --- ventilation --- CFD analysis --- archaeology --- architecture --- native American Indians --- traditional architecture --- vernacular architecture --- indoor air quality --- COVID-19 --- educational buildings --- air purifier --- airborne transmission --- particulate matter --- dust pollution --- IAQ --- indoor–outdoor concentration ratio --- penetration factor --- air quality control