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Book
Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Brain Barrier Mechanisms
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

The brain functions within an internal environment that is determined and controlled by morphological structures and cellular mechanisms present at interfaces between the brain and the rest of the body. In vertebrates these interfaces are across cerebral blood vessels (blood-brain barrier) choroid plexuses (blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier) and pia-arachnoid. There is a CSF-brain barrier in the neuroepithelium lining the ventricular system that is only present in embryos. There is now substantial evidence that many brain barrier mechanisms develop early and that in some cases they are functionally more active and even more specialized compared to adult barriers. Therefore barriers in developing brain should be viewed as adapted appropriately for the growing brain and not, as is still widely believed, immature. Considerable advances in our understanding of these barrier mechanisms have come from studies of the developing brain and invertebrates. A striking aspect, to be highlighted in this special edition, is that many of the molecular mechanisms in these very diverse species are similar despite differences in the cellular composition of the interfaces. This Frontiers Topic comprises articles in three sections: Original studies, Reviews and Myths & Misconceptions. Original articles provide new information on molecular and cellular barrier mechanisms in developing brains of primates, including human embryos (Brøchner et al., Ek et al., Errede et al.), rodents (Bauer et al., Liddelow, Strazielle & Ghersi-Egea, Saunders et al., Whish et al.), chick (Bueno et al.) and zebrafish (Henson et al.) as well as studies in drosophila (Hindle & Bainton, De Salvo et al., Limmer et al.). The Reviews section includes evolutionary perspectives of the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers (Bueno et al., Bill & Korzh). There are also detailed reviews of the current state of understanding of different interfaces and their functional mechanisms in developing brain (Bauer et al., Strazielle & Gjersi-Egea, Liddelow, Richardson et al., Errede et al., Henson et al., Brøchner et al.) and in invertebrates (Hindle & Bainton, De Salvo et al., Limmer et al). Different aspects of the relationship between properties of the internal environment of the brain and its development are discussed. (Stolp & Molnar, Johansson, Prasongchean et al.). A neglected area, namely barriers over the surface of the brain during development is also covered (Brøchner et al.). Clinically related perspectives on barrier disruption in neonatal stroke are provided by Kratzer et al. and other aspects of dysfunction by Morretti et al. and by Palmeta et al. on the continuing problem of bilirubin toxicity. Progress in this field is hampered by many prevailing myths about barrier function, combined with methodologies that are not always appropriately selected or interpreted. These are covered in the Misconceptions, Myths and Methods section, including historical aspects and discussion of the paracellular pathway, a central dogma of epithelial and endothelial biology (Saunders et al.) and a review of markers used to define brain barrier integrity in development and in pathological conditions (Saunders et al.). Use of inappropriate markers has caused considerable confusion and unreliable interpretation in many published studies. Torbett et al. deal with the complexities of the new field of applying proteomics to understanding blood-brain barrier properties as do Huntley at al. with respect to applying modern high throughput gene expression methods (Huntley et al.). The Editorial summarizes the contributions from all authors. This includes mention of some the main unanswered but answerable questions in the field and what the impediments to progress may be.


Book
Atlas of zebrafish development
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9780123740168 0123740169 9786613238450 1283238454 0080920616 9780080920610 Year: 2012 Publisher: Amsterdam ; Boston : Academic Press,

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Zebrafish are widely considered the best model for vertebrate development. The embryo is transparent, thereby enabling visualization and use of labelling and transgenic approaches. Moreover, because of the ease of inducing new mutations in zebrafish and similarity with the human genome, this organism may be used effectively for disease studies. For example, mutant zebrafish are being utilized for testing drugs that will combat a range of human diseases, from Alzheimer's and cancer to kidney failure and congenital heart disease. For the first time, this atlas provides the research community wit


Book
Atlas of early zebrafish brain development : a tool for molecular neurogenetics
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0124172865 0124186696 9780124186699 Year: 2016 Publisher: Waltham, MA : Elsevier,

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Atlas of Early Zebrafish Brain Development: A Tool for Molecular Neurogenetics, Second Edition, remains the only neuroanatomical expression atlas of important genetic and immunohistochemical markers of this vertebrate model system. It represents a key reference and interpretation matrix for analyzing expression domains of genes involved in Zebrafish brain development and neurogenesis, and serves as a continuing milestone in this research area. This updated volume provides in-situ hybridized and immunostained preparations of complete series of brain sections, revealing markers of the fundamental stages in the life history of neuronal cells in very high quality preparations and photographic plates. Specific additions to this edition include documentation on the distribution of neurons expressing GABA, dopamine and serotonin, material on the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and the caudal, segmented part of the diencephalon, new theories on the early organization of the telencephalon and thalamus, and integration of a comparative perspective on the mid- and hindbrain.


Book
Recent advances in zebrafish researches
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1789231736 1789231728 183881485X Year: 2018 Publisher: IntechOpen

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Model organisms have been used in various disciplines in order to understand different mechanisms underlying the problems. From this point of view, the zebrafish has become a favorite model organism in different scientific research fields in recent years because of its rapid embryonic development, transparency of its embryos, and its large number of offspring along with several other advantages. Recent Advances in Zebrafish Researches demonstrates the role and the function of zebrafish in different research fields and totally includes 11 chapters, which have been written by the expert researches in their fields. With this book, every researcher will better understand different mechanisms underlying the problems at different disciplines using zebrafish as model organism.


Book
Behavioral and neural genetics of zebrafish
Author:
ISBN: 0128175281 9780128175293 012817529X 9780128175286 Year: 2020 Publisher: London : Academic Press,


Book
The zebrafish : atlas of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9781107621343 9781139198431 9781139626217 1139626213 1139198432 9781139616911 1139616919 9781139613194 1139613197 1107621348 113961133X 1107238668 1139622498 1283870711 9781107238664 9781139622493 9781283870719 Year: 2012 Publisher: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,

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The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable and common model for researchers working in the fields of genetics, oncology and developmental sciences. This full-color atlas will aid experimental design and interpretation in these areas by providing a fundamental understanding of zebrafish anatomy. Over 150 photomicrographs are included and can be used for direct comparison with histological slides, allowing quick and accurate identification of the anatomic structures of interest. Hematoxylin and eosin stained longitudinal and transverse sections demonstrate gross anatomic relationships and illustrate the microscopic anatomy of major organs. Unlike much of the current literature, this book is focused exclusively on the zebrafish, eliminating the need for researchers to exclude structures that are only found in other fish.

Fish development and genetics : the zebrafish and medaka models
Authors: ---
ISBN: 128187714X 9786611877149 9812565760 9789812565761 9789812388216 9812388214 9812388214 9781281877147 Year: 2004 Volume: v. 2 Publisher: New Jersey : World Scientific Pub.,

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The zebrafish is the most important fish model in developmental and genetic analyses. This book contains 19 review articles covering abroad spectrum of topics, from development to genetic tools. The contents range from early development, the role of maternal factors and gastrulation, to tissue differentiation and organogenesis, such as development of the organizer, notochord, floor plate, nervous system,somites, muscle, skeleton and endoderm.


Book
Imaging, Manipulation and Optogenetics in Zebrafish
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ISBN: 3319962493 3319962507 Year: 2018 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer,

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The work described here investigates the advantages and limitations of using laser light for the deep in-vivo illumination and micromanipulation of the neuronal system in zebrafish. To do so, it combines and develops novel optical methods such as optogenetics, light sheet microscopy and optical micromanipulation. It also demonstrates, for the first time, that directional and focused laser beams can successfully be used to target large objects at considerable depth in a living organism to exert purely optical force – in this case on otoliths (ear stones) – and create fictive vestibular stimuli in a stationary animal. The behavioural study and simultaneous imaging of the whole brain reveal the location of the brain cells specific to each ear stone. Elucidating these fundamental neural processes holds substantial value for basic neuroscience researchers, who still have only a vague grasp of how brain circuits mediate perception. As such, it represents highly innovative research that has already led to high-impact publications and is now being intensively pursued.


Book
Zebrafish in Biomedical Research
Author:
ISBN: 0128124318 0128124326 9780128124321 9780128124314 178985573X 1789859867 1789859859 Year: 2020 Publisher: IntechOpen

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The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is one of the best animal models to understand biological mechanisms and develop new methods for treating some human diseases. In this framework, the zebrafish is a versatile animal model organism for many research fields because of its many advantages, including rapid embriyonic development, easy maintenance and transparency of its embryos. Zebrafish in Biomedical Research describes the current understanding of zebrafish as a model organism in biomedical science. Written by experts in the field, this volume discusses the potential use of zebrafish in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, in respiratory and kidney diseases, and in developing new drugs.


Book
Shoaling with Fish: Using Miniature Robotic Agents to Close the Interaction Loop with Groups of Zebrafish Danio rerio
Authors: ---
ISBN: 303016781X 3030167801 Year: 2019 Publisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer,

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Robotic animals are nowadays developed for various types of research, such as bio-inspired robotics, biomimetics and animal behavior studies. More specifically, in the case of collective animal behavior research, the robotic device can interact with animals by generating and exploiting signals relevant for social behavior. Once perceived by the animal society as conspecific, these robots can become powerful tools to study the animal behaviors, as they can at the same time monitor the changes in behavior and influence the collective choices of the animal society. In this book, we present novel robotized tools that can integrate shoals of fish in order to study their collective behaviors. We used the current state of the art on the zebrafish social behavior to define the specifications of the robots, and we performed stimuli analysis to improve their developments. Bio-inspired controllers were designed based on data extracted from experiments with zebrafish for the robots to mimic the zebrafish locomotion underwater. Experiments involving mixed groups of fish and robots qualified the robotic system to be integrated among a zebrafish shoal and to be able to influence the collective decisions of the fish. These results are very promising for the field of animal-robot interaction studies, as we showed the effect of the robots in long-duration experiments and repetitively, with the same order of response from the animals.

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