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Wood --- Microbiology. --- Deterioration. --- Preservation. --- Kyanizing --- Powellized timber --- Preservation of wood --- Timber --- Wood preservation --- Wood protection --- Preserved wood --- Deterioration of wood --- Wood decay --- Wood deterioration --- Wood borers --- Wood-decaying fungi --- Preservation --- Protection --- Deterioration --- Decay --- Bacteriology
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Wood-decaying fungi --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Fungi & Algae --- Decay fungi, Wood --- Wood --- Wood decay fungi --- Wood-destroying fungi --- Wood fungi --- Wood-rotting fungi --- Fungi --- Trees --- Diseases and pests --- Microbiology --- Deterioration
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Fossils document the existence of trees and wood-associated organisms from almost 400 million years ago, and today there are between 400,000 and 1 million wood-inhabiting species in the world. This is the first book to synthesise the natural history and conservation needs of wood-inhabiting organisms. Presenting a thorough introduction to biodiversity in decaying wood, the book studies the rich diversity of fungi, insects and vertebrates that depend upon dead wood. It describes the functional diversity of these organisms and their specific habitat requirements in terms of host trees, decay phases, tree dimensions, microhabitats and the surrounding environment. Recognising the threats posed by timber extraction and forest management, the authors also present management options for protecting and maintaining the diversity of these species in forests as well as in agricultural landscapes and urban parks.
Forest biodiversity --- Forest litter --- Wood --- Forest ecology --- Wood-decaying fungi --- Saproxylic insects --- Bois --- Ecologie forestière --- Biodegradation --- Deterioration --- Détérioration --- Forest biodiversity. --- Forest ecology. --- Wood-decaying fungi. --- Saproxylic insects. --- Biodegradation. --- Deterioration. --- Science --- Life Sciences --- Ecology. --- Ecologie forestière --- Détérioration --- Decay fungi, Wood --- Wood decay fungi --- Wood-destroying fungi --- Wood fungi --- Wood-rotting fungi --- Fungi --- Trees --- Deterioration of wood --- Wood decay --- Wood deterioration --- Wood borers --- Wood-living insects --- Insects --- Forest ecosystems --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Diversity, Forest biological --- Forest biological diversity --- Forest diversity --- Biodiversity --- Diseases and pests --- Microbiology --- Decay --- Preservation
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This edited book covers all aspects of wood degradation from its formation and growing in trees to its end usages when it is put into human usage. Wood is an age-old traditional fascinating material with a sensory-rich immersive experience that kindles aesthetics and creativity. The utility, durability, and functionality of wood render it a cosmopolitan material. It constitutes an integral part of human lives from ancient times to modern societies being used by various sectors viz., construction, furniture, panel products, paper and pulp, sports goods, agricultural implements, etc., Wood, being a biological material, is susceptible to degradation both by physical and biological means, and the need to protect the wood and prevent heavy economic losses constitutes a major challenge. Also, wood formed by the trees is the major sinks of carbon and the carbon remains locked-up for the life of the wood, thereby serving as important tool to mitigate the climate change. But the carbon stored in wood returns to the atmosphere when it degrades and will have positive effect on climate change. Hence, wood protection aiming for extending the service life of wood plays a key role in locking the carbon for a longer period in the wood and also substantially reduce the demand and depletion of forest resources. The book focuses on wood as an important natural bio-resource, inventory of wood protection, usage, utilization, preservatives, protection technologies and wood protection from all forms of degradation. Special focus is given on the eco-friendly way of protecting wood and its importance in mitigating climate change. The book is useful for Indian and international readers, who are working in wood domains. It is of interest to wood technologists, teachers, researchers, climate change scientists, capacity builders, and policymakers. It is of immense importance as a guide and study material to the graduate and postgraduate students of wood science in various universities of India and abroad.
Wood --- Wood preservatives. --- Deterioration. --- Preservation. --- Kyanizing --- Powellized timber --- Preservation of wood --- Timber --- Wood preservation --- Wood protection --- Preserved wood --- Deterioration of wood --- Wood decay --- Wood deterioration --- Wood borers --- Wood-decaying fungi --- Protective coatings --- Preservation --- Protection --- Deterioration --- Decay --- Engineering --- Technology & Engineering --- Fusta --- Degradació ambiental --- Conservació dels recursos naturals
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Since prehistoric times and throughout the course of human evolution, wood has been an integral part of all civilizations. Wooden Cultural Heritage can be found worldwide, providing valuable information on the social and economic context of human history. Nonetheless, as a natural cellulosic material, wood shows low resistance to biodeterioration and thus wooden Cultural Heritage often fails to escape decomposition in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This book provides a comprehensive overview on the biodeterioration of wooden Cultural Heritage and describes the decay mechanisms of key organisms and microorganisms encountered in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Cultural Heritage professionals, researchers and academics may explore within this book the associations between deteriogens, habitats and decay, which will assist them to understand wood biodeterioration and design effective prevention, mitigation and remediation strategies. The book presents case studies around the world to demonstrate the impact of biogenic deterioration on wooden Cultural Heritage and illustrates mechanisms and patterns in order to be a useful handbook of decay diagnosis. Lastly, by adopting a holistic approach to wood decay, basic concepts of wood technology, ecology, and deteriogens' biology are introduced, permitting readers of different scientific backgrounds to easily comprehend wood biodeterioration.
Forest products. --- Aquatic ecology . --- Cultural heritage. --- Archaeology. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Freshwater & Marine Ecology. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Aquatic biology --- Ecology --- Forest production --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Wood --- Building, Wooden --- Deterioration. --- Conservation and restoration. --- Building with wood --- Wood construction --- Wooden architecture --- Wooden building --- Building --- Deterioration of wood --- Wood decay --- Wood deterioration --- Wood borers --- Wood-decaying fungi --- Decay --- Preservation
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"Wood and Tree Fungi" provides an up-to-date overview of the various wood and tree fungi that damage trees, lumber, and timber, with special focus given to identification, prevention, and remediation techniques. First, the fundamentals of cytology and morphology, growth and reproduction, formal genetics, and enzymatic wood decay are addressed. Causative factors are then analyzed, followed by descriptions of interactions like antagonism, succession, and mycorrhiza. The more practical section describes damages by viruses on trees and by bacteria on the xylem of trees and on structural timber, wood discoloration caused by molds and stain fungi, wood decays by rot fungi, and preservation methods. The habitats of wood fungi are described as well as tree care. Important tree pathogens and wood decay fungi are characterized for prevention and identification. The final section focuses on the positive effects of wood-inhabiting microorganisms, covering past and classical methods like myco-wood, mushroom cultivation, biological pulping, and "palo podrido", as well as recent biotechnological processes.
Fungi. --- Forest fungi. --- Wood-decaying fungi. --- Trees --- Wood-staining fungi. --- Diseases and pests. --- Wood --- Wood fungi --- Fungi --- Tree diseases --- Decay fungi, Wood --- Wood decay fungi --- Wood-destroying fungi --- Wood-rotting fungi --- Forest plants --- Fungal kingdom --- Fungus kingdom --- Funguses --- Mycobiota --- Mycota --- Cryptogams --- Mycology --- Diseases and pests --- Microbiology --- Discoloration --- Deterioration --- Microbiology. --- Life sciences. --- Architecture. --- Forests and forestry. --- Trees. --- Wood. --- Popular Science in Nature and Environment. --- Architecture, general. --- Forestry. --- Tree Biology. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Timber --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Buildings --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Design and construction --- Nature. --- Environment. --- Forest products. --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Architecture, Primitive --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Wood destroying fungi
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