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This book integrates the study of presidential politics and foreign policy-making from the Vietnam aftermath to the events following September 11 and the Iraqi War. Focusing on the relationship between presidents' foreign policy agendas and domestic politics, it offers compelling portraits of presidents Nixon, Carter, Reagan, Bush I, Clinton, and Bush II. In the course of comparing the efforts of these presidents to articulate a clear conception of the national interest and to forge a foreign policy consensus, the author shows the key role of public opinion in constraining presidential initiat
United States -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1989. --- United States -- Foreign relations -- 1989-. --- Regions & Countries - Americas --- History & Archaeology --- United States - General --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Etats-Unis --- Politics and government --- Relations extérieures --- Politique et gouvernement
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In a wide-ranging constitutional history of presidential war decisions from 1945 to the present, Stephen M. Griffin rethinks the long-running debate over the "imperial presidency" and concludes that the eighteenth-century Constitution is inadequate to the challenges of a post-9/11 world. The Constitution requires the consent of Congress before the United States can go to war. Truman's decision to fight in Korea without gaining that consent was unconstitutional, says Griffin, but the acquiescence of Congress and the American people created a precedent for presidents to claim autonomy in this arena ever since. The unthinking extension of presidential leadership in foreign affairs to a point where presidents unilaterally decide when to go to war, Griffin argues, has destabilized our constitutional order and deranged our foreign policy. Long Wars and the Constitution demonstrates the unexpected connections between presidential war power and the constitutional crises that have plagued American politics. Contemporary presidents are caught in a dilemma. On the one hand are the responsibilities handed over to them by a dangerous world, and on the other is an incapacity for sound decision making in the absence of interbranch deliberation. President Obama's continuation of many Bush administration policies in the long war against terrorism is only the latest in a chain of difficulties resulting from the imbalances introduced by the post-1945 constitutional order. Griffin argues for beginning a cycle of accountability in which Congress would play a meaningful role in decisions for war, while recognizing the realities of twenty-first century diplomacy.
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The first historical interpretation of the congressional response to the entire Cold War. Using a wide variety of sources, including several manuscript collections opened specifically for this study, the book challenges the popular and scholarly image of a weak Cold War Congress, in which the unbalanced relationship between the legislative and executive branches culminated in the escalation of the U.S. commitment in Vietnam, which in turn paved the way for a congressional resurgence best symbolized by the passage of the War Powers Act in 1973. Instead, understanding the congressional response to the Cold War requires a more flexible conception of the congressional role in foreign policy, focused on three facets of legislative power: the use of spending measures; the internal workings of a Congress increasingly dominated by subcommittees; and the ability of individual legislators to affect foreign affairs by changing the way that policymakers and the public considered international questions.
Cold War --- Guerre froide --- Koude oorlog --- Oorlog [Koude ] --- Legislative oversight --- History --- United States. --- United States --- Foreign relations --- 1945-1989 --- United States. Congress --- 20th century --- Cold War. --- Oversight, Legislative --- Legislative power --- Separation of powers --- World politics --- Legislative oversight - United States - History - 20th century --- United States - Foreign relations - 1945-1989 --- Arts and Humanities
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1973, l’« Année de l’Europe ». 1983, l’« Année des euromissiles ». Les deux dates délimitent une décennie cruciale pour l’Alliance atlantique. En 1973, elle tente de s’adapter aux changements profonds intervenus depuis sa création. Mais doit-elle le taire selon la vision de Henry Kissinger ou celle de Michel Jobert ? Le débat est à peine entamé que le premier « choc » pétrolier détourne les démocraties vers d’autres priorités. Renforcée par l’esquisse d’une coopération trilatérale, leur solidarité n’en est pas moins ébranlée par le retour des problèmes militaires et par leurs divergences sur la détente. Aussi, loin de les rapprocher, l’invasion de l’Afghanistan tend-elle plutôt à les diviser. En 1983, les grandes querelles se sont un peu apaisées et les Pershing-II et les missiles de croisière américaine ont pu être déployés. Mais rien n’est vraiment réglé. Et l’histoire de l’Occident est encore dominée par toutes sortes d’incertitudes (sur le leadership d’une Amérique en déclin relatif, sur la place de l’Allemagne, sur la stratégie atomique) apparues ou renforcées au cours de ces dix années. Fondé sur le dépouillement des principales sources disponibles et sur plusieurs dizaines d’interviews (dont une grande partie réalisée lors d’un séjour, en juillet 1983, au Wilson Center de Washington), cet ouvrage recourt à une approche historique pour éclairer l’actualité.
Europe --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Europe - Foreign relations - United States --- United States - Foreign relations - Europe --- Europe - Foreign relations - 1945 --- -United States - Foreign relations - 1945-1989 --- History --- alliance --- euromissile --- Alliance atlantique --- choc pétrolier --- coopération trilatérale --- solidarité --- stratégie atomique --- politique étrangère --- Traité de l'Atlantique Nord (1949) --- Sécurité internationale --- États-Unis --- Europe de l'Ouest --- 1970-2000 --- Relations --- 1970-... --- Relations extérieures --- Histoire
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The role of human rights in United States policy toward Latin America is the subject of this study. It covers the early sixties to 1980, a period when humanitarian values came to play an important role in determining United States foreign policy. The author is concerned both with explaining why these values came to impinge on government decision making and how internal bureaucratic processes affected the specific content of United States policy.Originally published in 1981.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Civil rights -- Latin America. --- Human rights -- Latin America. --- Latin America -- Relations -- United States. --- United States -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1989. --- United States -- Relations -- Latin America. --- Civil rights --- Human rights --- Regions & Countries - Americas --- History & Archaeology --- Latin America --- Relations --- United States --- Foreign relations --- 1945-1989
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Building on Schmitz's earlier work, Thank God They're on our Side, this is an examination of American policy toward right-wing dictatorships from the 1960s to the end of the Cold War. During the 1920s American leaders developed a policy of supporting authoritarian regimes because they were seen as stable, anti-communist, and capitalist. After 1965, however, American support for these regimes became a contested issue. The Vietnam War served to undercut the logic and rationale of supporting right-wing dictators. By systematically examining US support for right-wing dictatorships in Africa, Latin America, Europe, and Asia, and bringing together these disparate episodes, this book examines the persistence of older attitudes, the new debates brought about by the Vietnam War, and the efforts to bring about changes and an end to automatic US support for authoritarian regimes.
Dictators --- Right-wing extremists --- Totalitarianism --- Dictateurs --- Extrémistes de droite --- Totalitarisme --- History --- Histoire --- United States --- Etats-Unis --- Foreign relations --- Relations extérieures --- Extrémistes de droite --- Relations extérieures --- Totalitarian state --- Authoritarianism --- Collectivism --- Despotism --- Dictatorship --- Fascism --- National socialism --- Far-right extremists --- Radicals --- Tyrants --- Heads of state --- Arts and Humanities --- Dictators - History - 20th century --- Right-wing extremists - History - 20th century --- Totalitarianism - History - 20th century --- United States - Foreign relations - 1945-1989
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Many foreign policy analysts assume that elite policymakers in liberal democracies consistently ignore humanitarian norms when these norms interfere with commercial and strategic interests. Today's endorsement by Western governments of repressive regimes in countries from Kazakhstan to Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in the name of fighting terror only reinforces this opinion. In Just Politics, C. William Walldorf Jr. challenges this conventional wisdom, arguing that human rights concerns have often led democratic great powers to sever vital strategic partnerships even when it has not been in their interest to do so. Walldorf sets out his case in detailed studies of British alliance relationships with the Ottoman Empire and Portugal in the nineteenth century and of U.S. partnerships with numerous countries-ranging from South Africa, Turkey, Greece and El Salvador to Nicaragua, Chile, and Argentina-during the Cold War. He finds that illiberal behavior by partner states, varying degrees of pressure by nonstate actors, and legislative activism account for the decisions by democracies to terminate strategic partnerships for human rights reasons. To demonstrate the central influence of humanitarian considerations and domestic politics in the most vital of strategic moments of great-power foreign policy, Walldorf argues that Western governments can and must integrate human rights into their foreign policies. Failure to take humanitarian concerns into account, he contends, will only damage their long-term strategic objectives.
Alliances. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Great Britain -- Foreign relations -- 1837-1901. --- Human rights. --- International relations. --- United States -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1989. --- Human rights --- International relations --- Alliances --- Law, Politics & Government --- Human Rights --- United States --- Great Britain --- Foreign relations --- Droits de l'homme (Droit international) --- Relations internationales --- Etats-Unis --- Grande-Bretagne --- Relations extérieures --- Treaties of alliance --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Law and legislation --- Treaties --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions
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Forward-thinking pedagogues as well as peace researchers have, in recent decades, cast a critical eye over teaching content and methodology with the aim of promulgating notions of peace and sustainability in education. This volume gives voice to the reflections of educational theorists and practitioners who have taken on the task of articulating a ‘curriculum of difference’ that gives positive voice to these key concepts in the pedagogical arena. Here, contributors from around the world engage with paradigm-shifting discourses that reexamine questions of ontology and human subjectivity—discourses that advocate interdisciplinarity as well as the reformulation of epistemological boundaries. Deconstructing the origins and limits of human knowledge and learning, the book affords educators the opportunity to identify and express common elements of the subjects taught and studied in educational institutions, elements that facilitate students’ apprehension of peace and sustainability. With penetrating analysis of contemporary issues in the field, this volume introduces a range of fresh theoretical approaches that extend the boundaries of peace education, which is broadly defined as promoting the responsible, equitable and sustainable co-existence of differing human communities. In doing so, the chapters show how we can improve our lives as well as our chances of survival as a species by acknowledging the importance of shared human aspirations that cut across borders, of genuinely listening to alternative voices and opinions, of challenging the ubiquitous, socially constructed historical narratives that define human relations only in terms of power. Charged with vitality and originality, this new publication is a critical examination of issues central to the development and utility of global education.
Peace -- Study and teaching -- United States. --- United States -- Foreign relations -- 1945-1989. --- United States -- Foreign relations -- Study and teaching. --- Critical pedagogy --- Peace --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Education, Special Topics --- Study and teaching --- Aims and objectives --- Study and teaching. --- Education. --- Educational sociology. --- Education and sociology. --- Sociology, Educational. --- Sociology of Education. --- Education and sociology --- Social problems in education --- Society and education --- Sociology, Educational --- Sociology --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Teaching --- Training
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Concerns about rights in the United States have a long history, but the articulation of global human rights in the twentieth century was something altogether different. Global human rights offered individuals unprecedented guarantees beyond the nation for the protection of political, economic, social and cultural freedoms. The World Reimagined explores how these revolutionary developments first became believable to Americans in the 1940s and the 1970s through everyday vernaculars as they emerged in political and legal thought, photography, film, novels, memoirs and soundscapes. Together, they offered fundamentally novel ways for Americans to understand what it means to feel free, culminating in today's ubiquitous moral language of human rights. Set against a sweeping transnational canvas, the book presents a new history of how Americans thought and acted in the twentieth-century world.
Human rights --- Social change --- War --- Decolonization --- Globalization --- Transnationalism --- World politics --- History --- Language --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Political aspects --- United States --- Foreign relations --- 20th century --- 1945-1989 --- Coexistence (World politics) --- Peaceful coexistence --- Trans-nationalism --- Transnational migration --- International relations --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- Anti-globalization movement --- Sovereignty --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Colonization --- Postcolonialism --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- Military art and science --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- Human rights - United States - History - 20th century --- Human rights - Language - History - 20th century --- Social change - History - 20th century --- War - Moral and ethical aspects - History - 20th century --- Decolonization - History - 20th century --- Globalization - Political aspects - History - 20th century --- Transnationalism - Political aspects - History - 20th century --- World politics - 1945-1989 --- United States - Foreign relations - 1945-1989
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