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Africa is the world’s poorest continent, but amid all the bad news, there is hope for change. This pamphlet examines the lessons to be learned from some of the more successful economies south of the Sahara, and discusses a policy framework to promote sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty across the region.

339.96 --- Economic development --- -Taxation --- -330.05 --- 338.96 --- 339.96 Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- -Exports and Imports --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Trade: General --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Private investment --- Government debt management --- Domestic savings --- Structural reforms --- Export performance --- Saving and investment --- Debts, Public --- Exports --- Exports and Imports

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This paper investigates the role that International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs and capacity building play in fostering structural reforms. To do so, we exploit two novel datasets on IMF capacity building and structural reforms available for over one hundred IMF member countries over the period 1980 - 2010. The main results are threefold. First, there is a general association between IMF programs and structural reforms but this relationship is not very robust. Second, IMF training leads to an increase in structural reforms but only through IMF programs and only when a significant share of public servants is trained. Third, IMF technical assistance does not significantly lead to more structural reforms but raises the likelihood of completion of ongoing IMF programs. Our results are robust to a large number of checks, estimators and correcting for endogeneity.

Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Technical assistance. --- Economic assistance. --- Economic aid --- Foreign aid program --- Foreign assistance --- Grants-in-aid, International --- International economic assistance --- International grants-in-aid --- Assistance, Technical --- Assistance, Technological --- Technological assistance --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Conditionality (International relations) --- Economic assistance --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- International Monetary Fund. --- E-books --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Econometrics --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Efficiency --- Optimal Taxation --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Estimation --- International economics --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Structural reforms --- Estimation techniques --- Capital account --- Current account --- Macrostructural analysis --- Econometric analysis --- Balance of payments --- Econometric models --- Congo, Democratic Republic of the

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KEY ISSUES 2014 marked the tenth anniversary of accession to the EU of the first group of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The first NMS Policy Forum was launched in the fall of 2014 as a platform for discussing policy frameworks and issues relevant for non-euro area NMS. It brought together representatives of the six CEE countries that are EU members but are not yet in the euro area - Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Romania (NMS-6), as well as the ECB, the European Commission and the IMF. Discussions focused on four themes: Euro adoption: A once sizeable country risk premium associated with joining the euro area has mostly vanished, as the euro crisis has exposed flaws in the euro area’s institutional framework. Further, the crisis has illustrated both risks and benefits from adoption: monetary autonomy has proven helpful for absorbing shocks, while foreign currency mismatches—that can be much reduced with euro adoption—have shown to be a key vulnerability. Flexible labor markets, fiscal and macro-prudential policy space, and income convergence are prerequisites for successful adoption. Opting into the Banking Union (BU) before euro adoption: The lack of equal (or fully equivalent) treatment of the BU members and non-euro area opt-ins—regarding their role in the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), as well as access to common liquidity and fiscal backstops—makes opting into the BU before euro adoption less attractive. Countries that would benefit most from early opt-in are those that see the BU as a way to enhance the quality and credibility of bank supervision or to gain access to larger industry-funded common backstops. The EU’s fiscal framework and pension reform: In the wake of the crisis, many NMS abolished second pillar pension funds. Further reforms to the EU’s fiscal framework are warranted to remove disincentives for setting up and maintaining second pension pillars and, more generally, for structural reforms. Making the most of the EU single market and EU Services Directive: Structural reforms to strengthen human capital, skills match, labor market efficiency, and foreign investment environment will help NMS to reap full benefits from EU integration. Further liberalization of trade in services will likely benefit the NMS-6 more than other EU members.

Banks and banking -- Europe, Central. --- Banks and banking -- Europe, Eastern. --- Economic and Monetary Union. --- Euro -- Europe, Central. --- Europe, Central -- Economic policy. --- Europe, Eastern -- Economic policy. --- Fiscal policy -- Europe, Central. --- Fiscal policy -- Europe, Eastern. --- International economic integration. --- International Monetary Fund -- Europe, Central. --- International Monetary Fund -- Europe, Eastern. --- Monetary policy -- Europe, Central. --- Pensions -- Europe, Central. --- Banking --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Economic Theory --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Trade: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Pensions --- International economics --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Pension spending --- Structural reforms --- Foreign direct investment --- Exports --- Expenditure --- International trade --- Macrostructural analysis --- Fiscal governance --- Fiscal policy --- Balance of payments --- Banks and banking --- Investments, Foreign --- Bulgaria

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This volume presents 18 IMF research studies on the causes and consequences of corruption, as well as how it can most effectively be combated to improve governance, increase economic growth, and reduce poverty. The authors examine how civil service wages affect corruption, the impact of natural resource availability on corruption, the impact of corruption on a country’s income distribution and incidence of poverty, and the effect of corruption on government expenditures on health and education.

Public finance --- Political corruption --- Expenditures, Public --- Corruption (Politique) --- Dépenses publiques --- Economic aspects --- Aspect économique --- International Monetary Fund --- 339.96 --- 336.5 --- AA / International- internationaal --- 336.208 --- 343.35 --- 343.30 --- 323.4 --- Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- Overheidsuitgaven. Openbare financien. Staatsuitgaven. Lopende staatsuitgaven --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie. --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving. --- Misdrijven tegen het openbaar gezag: algemeenheden. --- Politieke zeden.Partijgeest. Nepotisme. Favoritisme. --- Government - General --- Law, Politics & Government --- Political Institutions & Public Administration - General --- Economic aspects. --- 336.5 Overheidsuitgaven. Openbare financien. Staatsuitgaven. Lopende staatsuitgaven --- 339.96 Ontwikkelingshulp. Ontwikkelingssamenwerking. Ontwikkelingsproblematiek --- International Monetary Fund. --- Dépenses publiques --- Aspect économique --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corrupt practices --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Politieke zeden.Partijgeest. Nepotisme. Favoritisme --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie --- Misdrijven tegen het openbaar gezag: algemeenheden --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving --- IMF. --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Criminology --- Natural Resources --- Bureaucracy --- Administrative Processes in Public Organizations --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- National Security and War --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Public finance & taxation --- Labour --- income economics --- Environmental management --- Education --- Expenditure --- Structural reforms --- Defense spending --- Personal income --- Crime --- Macrostructural analysis --- National accounts --- Income --- Income distribution --- Russian Federation --- Income economics --- White-collar crime