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Describing all aspects of the technique of small-angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons, this book covers topics including instrumentation, sample requirements, data interpretation and modelling methods. Examining each in a comprehensive way, the text also gives examples of applications in various fields of biophysics and biochemistry.

X-rays --- Small-angle x-ray scattering. --- Scattering, Small-angle x-ray --- X-ray small-angle scattering --- Small-angle scattering --- X-ray scattering --- Scattering (Physics) --- Scattering. --- Scattering --- Macromolecules --- Neutrons --- Structure. --- Measurement.

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This book provides a clear, comprehensible and up-to-date description of how Small Angle Scattering (SAS) can help structural biology researchers. SAS is an efficient technique that offers structural information on how biological macromolecules behave in solution. SAS provides distinct and complementary data for integrative structural biology approaches in combination with other widely used probes, such as X-ray crystallography, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Mass spectrometry and Cryo-electron Microscopy. The development of brilliant synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beam lines has increased the number of researchers interested in solution scattering. SAS is especially useful for studying conformational changes in proteins, highly flexible proteins, and intrinsically disordered proteins. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with neutron contrast variation is ideally suited for studying multi-component assemblies as well as membrane proteins that are stabilized in surfactant micelles or vesicles. SAS is also used for studying dynamic processes of protein fibrillation in amyloid diseases, and pharmaceutical drug delivery. The combination with size-exclusion chromatography further increases the range of SAS applications. The book is written by leading experts in solution SAS methodologies. The principles and theoretical background of various SAS techniques are included, along with practical aspects that range from sample preparation to data presentation for publication. Topics covered include techniques for improving data quality and analysis, as well as different scientific applications of SAS. With abundant illustrations and practical tips, we hope the clear explanations of the principles and the reviews on the latest progresses will serve as a guide through all aspects of biological solution SAS. The scope of this book is particularly relevant for structural biology researchers who are new to SAS. Advanced users of the technique will find it helpful for exploring the diversity of solution SAS methods and applications. Chapter 3 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

Life sciences. --- Molecular biology. --- Biotechnology. --- Proteins. --- Life Sciences. --- Protein Structure. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Systems biology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Small-angle scattering. --- Small-angle x-ray scattering. --- Scattering, Small-angle x-ray --- X-ray small-angle scattering --- Small-angle scattering --- X-rays --- Low-angle scattering --- Scattering, Low-angle --- Scattering, Small-angle --- Scattering (Physics) --- Scattering --- Biochemistry. --- Medicine. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Proteins .

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This book pioneers a novel approach to investigate the effects of pressure on fission tracks, a geological problem that has remained unsolved for 60 years. While conventional techniques to study fission tracks were limited in precision, this book overcomes such issues by using state-of-the-art synchrotron-based x-ray scattering; a technique initially developed for applications in material science and biomedical research. The book provides an overview of the theory and application of small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) on cylindrical ion tracks, including in-situ SAXS on ion tracks with simultaneous increases in temperature and pressure. As such it demonstrates a degree of characterisation normally not achievable with in-situ techniques. Further, it compares SAXS with small angle neutron scattering (SANS). This book has led to a range of publications and attracted the interest of the geological and material science communities. Daniel Schauries has been awarded several prizes for this research, including the Graduate Student Award of the Materials Research Society.

Ions --- Small-angle scattering. --- Low-angle scattering --- Scattering, Low-angle --- Scattering, Small-angle --- Scattering (Physics) --- Scattering. --- Crystallography. --- Geology. --- Particle acceleration. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Acceleration --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement   . --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement

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Symmetry is one of the most important notions in natural science; it lies at the heart of fundamental laws of nature and serves as an important tool for understanding the properties of complex systems, both classical and quantum. Another trend, which has in recent years undergone intensive development, is mesoscopic physics. This branch of physics also combines classical and quantum ideas and methods. Two main directions can be distinguished in mesoscopic physics. One is the study of finite quantum systems of mesoscopic sizes. Such systems, which are between the atomic and macroscopic scales, exhibit a variety of novel phenomena and find numerous applications in creating modern electronic and spintronic devices. At the same time, the behavior of large systems can be influenced by mesoscopic effects, which provides another direction within the framework of mesoscopic physics. The aim of the present book is to emphasize the phenomena that lie at the crossroads between the concept of symmetry and mesoscopic physics.

Bose systems --- asymptotic symmetry breaking --- Bose–Einstein condensation --- particle fluctuations --- stability of Bose systems --- fractals --- small-angle scattering --- form factor --- structural properties --- dimension spectra --- pair distance distribution function --- stochastic dynamics --- symmetry breaking --- field-theoretic renormalization group --- Bose–Einstein condensates --- density --- position variance --- momentum variance --- angular-momentum variance --- harmonic-interaction model --- MCTDHB --- particle-hole symmetry --- metal–insulator transition --- random gap model --- Monte Carlo simulations --- structure factor --- quantum droplet --- binary Bose–Einstein condensate --- modulational instability --- graphene --- ripple --- transport --- symmetry --- quantum dot --- Kramers degeneracy --- spin-orbit interaction --- tight-binding approach --- Bose-Einstein condensates --- Josephson oscillations --- spontaneous symmetry breaking --- Thomas-Fermi approximation --- dynamical chaos --- ground states --- perturbation theory

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This book examines the meso- and nanoscopic aspects of fluid adsorption in porous solids using a non-invasive method of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Starting with a brief summary of the basic assumptions and results of the theory of small-angle scattering from porous media, the author focuses on the practical aspects and methodology of the ambient and high pressure SANS and SAXS experiments and corresponding data analysis. It is illustrated with results of studies of the vapor and supercritical fluid adsorption in porous materials published during the last decade, obtained both for man-made materials (e.g. porous fractal silica, Vycor glass, activated carbon) and geological samples (e.g. sandstones, shales, and coal). In order to serve the needs of broad readership, the results are presented in the relevant context (e.g. petroleum exploration, anthropogenic carbon capture and sequestration,  ion adsorption in supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, etc.).

Materials Science --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Fluid dynamics. --- Small-angle scattering. --- Energy storage. --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental science --- Storage of energy --- Low-angle scattering --- Scattering, Low-angle --- Scattering, Small-angle --- Science --- Force and energy --- Power (Mechanics) --- Flywheels --- Pulsed power systems --- Scattering (Physics) --- Dynamics --- Fluid mechanics --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Spectroscopy. --- Catalysis. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Spectroscopy/Spectrometry. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture). --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Physics --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Qualitative --- Spectrometry --- Materials science. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement   . --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Fossil fuels. --- Fossil energy --- Fuel --- Energy minerals --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Analytical chemistry