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Astronomy --- Greek --- Aristarchus --- of Samos. On the sizes and distances of the sun and moon --- of Samos

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One of the most important mathematical theorems is named after Pythagoras of Samos, but this semi-mythical Greek sage has more to offer than formulas. He is said to have discovered the numerical nature of the basic consonances and transposed the musical proportions to the cosmos, postulating a "harmony of the spheres." He may have coined the words "cosmos" and "philosophy." He is also believed to have taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls and therefore to have advised a vegetarian diet.Ancient legends have Pythagoras conversing with dogs, bears, and bulls. A distinctly Pythagorean way of life, including detailed ritual regulations, was observed by his disciples, who were organized as a secret society. Later, Pythagorean and Platonic teachings became fused. In this Platonized form, Pythagoreanism has remained influential through medieval Christianity and the Renaissance down to the present.Christoph Riedweg's book is an engaging introduction to the fundamental contributions of Pythagoras to the establishment of European culture. To penetrate the intricate maze of lore and ascertain what history can tell us about the philosopher, Riedweg not only examines the written record but also considers Pythagoras within the cultural, intellectual, and spiritual context of his times. The result is a vivid overview of the life and teachings of a crucial Greek thinker and his most important followers.

Philosophy, Ancient. --- Pythagoras. --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- Pitágora --- Pitagora di Samo --- Pitágoras --- Pitágoras de Samos --- Pythagore --- Πυθαγόρας --- فيثاغورس --- Biography & Autobiography. --- Philosophy. --- BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Philosophers. --- Influence. --- biografieën (genre) --- filosofen --- wiskunde --- Pythagoras

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Le présocratique Mélissos de Samos a longtemps été négligé par la critique, en tant que disciple de Parménide sans envergure. Des critiques récents ont cependant souligné que la lecture que les Anciens ont fait de Mélissos a eu une grande influence sur l’interprétation de Parménide. Cet ouvrage se propose de mettre à disposition tout le matériel pour une étude des lectures de Mélissos dans l’Antiquité, avec une édition et traduction en français de l’ensemble des témoignages sur cet auteur, ainsi qu’un commentaire qui se concentre sur l’histoire de son interprétation. Son objectif est de montrer comment Mélissos a été compris par les auteurs anciens en fonction de leur perspective et des connaissances qu’ils avaient, et de présenter les grandes orientations de cette lecture à travers l’Antiquité. Ce travail prodigue à la fois une base textuelle pour des recherches futures sur Mélissos ou l’Eléatisme en général, et présente un intérêt dans la perspective d’une histoire de l’interprétation des Présocratiques dans l’Antiquité. This work contains an edition and translation of the testimonies on the Presocratic philosopher Melissus of Samos in Antiquity, and a commentary focusing on the history of the way in which he has been interpreted. The aim is to show how he has been understood by ancient writers according to their own agenda and to the knowledge available to them, and to present the main lines of the reception of Melissus throughout Antiquity.

Doxographie. --- Doxography. --- Eleatism. --- Eleatismus. --- Melissus von Samos. --- Melissus. --- Parmenides. --- PHILOSOPHY / History & Surveys / Ancient & Classical. --- Melissus, --- Melisso, --- Μέλισσος, --- Melissos, --- Présocratiques. --- Éléates. --- Mélissus --- Pre-Socratic philosophers. --- Philosophy, Ancient --- Eleatics. --- Early works to 1800. --- Criticism and interpretation --- History --- To 1500. --- Melissus, Samius.

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Pythagoras and Heraclitus developed theories of the universe and mankind’s place in it which were taken seriously by all later Greek thinkers. None of their works remains, however, except in later paraphrases that all too often are misrepresentations. Pythagoras had followers who attributed their own ideas to their master; Heraclitus wrote in a prose style so ambiguous that he came to be known as the Shadow, so that even the most earnest attempts to paraphrase his views had to smooth out his intentional rough edges. Nonetheless, enough remains to allow the authors of this volume, edited by David Sider and Dirk Obbink (Oxford), to offer new ways of viewing their views and the way others perceived them. The contributors are Gábor Betegh (Budapest), Roman Dilcher (Heidelberg), Aryeh Finkelberg (Tel Aviv), Daniel Graham (Brigham Young University), Herbert Granger (Wayne State University), Carl Huffman (DePauw), Enrique Hülsz Piccone (Mexico City), Anthony Long (Berkeley), Richard McKirahan (Pomona), Catherine Rowett (East Anglia), David Sider (New York), and Leonid Zhmud (St. Petersberg).

Philosophers, Ancient. --- Ancient philosophers --- Heraclitus, --- Pythagoras. --- Pitágora --- Pitagora di Samo --- Pitágoras --- Pitágoras de Samos --- Pythagore --- Πυθαγόρας --- فيثاغورس --- Heraclitus --- Héraclite --- Heraclitus van Efese --- Heraclitus van Ephese --- Herakleitos --- Eraclito --- Eraclito, --- Geraklit, --- Heracleitus, --- Heraclit, --- Héraclite, --- Heraclito --- Hērakleitos, --- Heraklit, --- Herakʻŭlleitʻosŭ --- Kheraklit, --- היראקליטוס --- Ἡράκλειτος, --- Heraclitus. --- Presocratic philosophy.

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The celebrated mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras left no writings. But what if he had and the manuscript was never found? Where would it be located? And what information would it reveal? These questions are the inspiration for the mathematical mystery novel Pythagoras' Revenge. Suspenseful and instructive, Pythagoras' Revenge weaves fact, fiction, mathematics, computer science, and ancient history into a surprising and sophisticated thriller. The intrigue begins when Jule Davidson, a young American mathematician who trolls the internet for difficult math riddles and stumbles upon a neo-Pythagorean sect searching for the promised reincarnation of Pythagoras. Across the ocean, Elmer Galway, a professor of classical history at Oxford, discovers an Arabic manuscript hinting at the existence of an ancient scroll--possibly left by Pythagoras himself. Unknown to one another, Jule and Elmer each have information that the other requires and, as they race to solve the philosophical and mathematical puzzles set before them, their paths ultimately collide. Set in 1998 with flashbacks to classical Greece, Pythagoras' Revenge investigates the confrontation between opposing views of mathematics and reality, and explores ideas from both early and cutting-edge mathematics. From academic Oxford to suburban Chicago and historic Rome, Pythagoras' Revenge is a sophisticated thriller that will grip readers from beginning to surprising end.

Mathematics --- Mathematician. Statistician. Logici --- Pythagoras --- Historians --- Oxford --- United States --- Women mathematicians --- Mathematics, Ancient --- Ancient mathematics --- Historiographers --- Scholars --- Women as mathematicians --- Mathematicians --- Women in mathematics --- Pitágora --- Pitagora di Samo --- Pitágoras --- Pitágoras de Samos --- Pythagore --- Πυθαγόρας --- فيثاغورس --- United States of America