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Entering an already crowded and established industry, the Niles Car & Manufacturing Company in Ohio began business with surprising success, producing well over 1,000 electric and steam railway cars-cars so durable they rarely needed to be replaced. That durability essentially put the company out of business, and it vanished from the scene as quickly as it had appeared, leaving little behind except its sturdy railway cars. The story of this highly regarded company spans just 16 years, from Niles's incorporation in 1901 to the abandonment of railway car production and sale of the property to

Railroad cars --- Electric railroads --- Cars, Railroad --- Railroads --- Electric street-railroads --- Railroads, Electric --- Electricity in transportation --- Public utilities --- Street-railroads --- History. --- Cars --- Rolling stock --- Car reporting systems --- Electrification --- Niles Car & Manufacturing Company. --- Niles Car and Manufacturing Company

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Fossil fuels leaded the 21st century industrial revolution but caused some critical problems such as exhaustion of resources and global warming. Also, current power plants require too much high cost and long time for establishment and facilities to provide electricity. Thus, developing new power production systems with environmental friendliness and low-cost is critical global needs. There are some emerging energy harvesting technologies such as thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric nanogenerators, which have great advantages on eco-friendly low-cost materials, simple fabrication, and various operating sources. Since the introduction of various energy harvesting technologies, many novel designs and applications as power suppliers and physical sensors in the world have been demonstrated based on their unique advantages. In this Special Issue, we would like to address and share basic approaches, new designs, and industrial applications related to thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and triboelectric devices which are on-going in Korea. With this Special Issue, we aim to promote fundamental understanding and to find novel ways to achieve industrial product manufacturing for energy harvesters.

triboelectric nanogenerators --- n/a --- carbon nanotube --- mesoporous composite polymer --- organic composites --- railroad vehicle --- rolling stock --- suspension system --- remnant polarization --- water wave energy --- oxygen vacancy --- energy harvesting --- PVDF --- thermoelectric --- high dielectric constant --- advanced driver assistance technology --- thin film --- sensor --- wireless chemical sensor --- energy-harvesting metamaterial --- metamaterial sensor --- thermoelectric generator --- nanoimprinting --- superhydrophobic surface --- layer-by-layer --- high deformability --- metal oxidation --- IoT technology --- TiO_2?x nanoparticle --- spray method --- piezoelectric --- graphene --- shock absorber --- ferroelectric --- frictional force --- axle bearing --- femtosecond laser --- carbon nanotubes --- mechanical energy --- polymers --- mechanical fatigue resistance --- gapless --- power factor --- nanostructures --- triboelectric generator --- hybrid energy --- microstructures --- triboelectric nanogenerator

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Railroads --- Program transformation (Computer programming) --- Real-time data processing --- Mathematical optimization --- Temps réel --- Optimisation mathématique --- Management --- Technological innovations --- Congresses. --- Data processing --- Timetables --- Rolling stock --- Congrès --- Transportation Engineering --- Algebra --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Mathematics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Iron horses (Railroads) --- Lines, Railroad --- Rail industry --- Rail lines --- Rail transportation --- Railroad industry --- Railroad lines --- Railroad transportation --- Railway industry --- Railways --- Computer science. --- Transportation. --- Data structures (Computer science). --- Algorithms. --- Computer science --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer graphics. --- Computer Science. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Data Structures. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computer Graphics. --- Mathematics. --- Automatic drafting --- Graphic data processing --- Graphics, Computer --- Computer art --- Graphic arts --- Electronic data processing --- Engineering graphics --- Image processing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Algorism --- Arithmetic --- Information structures (Computer science) --- Structures, Data (Computer science) --- Structures, Information (Computer science) --- File organization (Computer science) --- Abstract data types (Computer science) --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Informatics --- Science --- Digital techniques --- Foundations --- Economic aspects --- Concessions --- Public utilities --- Trusts, Industrial --- Computer software. --- Data structures (Computer scienc. --- Computational complexity. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Complexity, Computational --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Data structures (Computer science) --- Computer software --- Transportation engineering. --- Traffic engineering. --- Artificial intelligence—Data processing. --- Discrete mathematics. --- Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering. --- Data Science. --- Discrete mathematical structures --- Mathematical structures, Discrete --- Structures, Discrete mathematical --- Numerical analysis --- Engineering, Traffic --- Road traffic --- Street traffic --- Traffic, City --- Traffic control --- Traffic regulation --- Urban traffic --- Highway engineering --- Transportation engineering --- Civil engineering --- Engineering