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X-ray optics --- Roentgen optics --- X-ray optics. --- Physical optics --- Applied Physics --- Optique des rayons X

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The application of X-rays to archaeological objects with the goal of gaining insight into both their construction and chemical composition, in a non-destructive manner, dates back to the discovery of radiation. Nowadays, X-ray techniques, such as X-ray fluorescense and diffraction are standard tools. This book offers physicists, art historians, archaeologists, curators, and conservators a detailed overview via contributions written by leading scientists in the field. The book contains scientific data, i.e. in situ measurement data taken with portable XRF and XRD, and fine data taken with accelerating ion beams and synchrotron radiations, together with their explanations. Results obtained by traditional scientific methods are also reviewed. The broad data collection spans experimental data taken both from monuments in the field and exhibits in museums, for example: ancient Egyptian wall-painting pigments ancient Egyptian wooden statues and mummies ancient Greek funerary monuments Cypriot ceramics medieval, Lyubliana and Venetian glass Romanian ceramics ancient Near-Eastern clay old Japanese porcelain pre-Hispanic items from America ancient Chinese underglaze-red blue and white porcelain Chinese celadon Phoenician cosmetics Also included are data from glazes, ancient gold and silver coins, gold jewelleries, gold alloys, corroded metals, gemstones (ruby, emerald and garnet), painting pigments, pottery, bronze, obsidian, stucco, turquoise, and so on. The discussion fostered here between natural scientists and archaeologists anticipates the future direction of archaeology.

X-ray spectroscopy in archaeology --- Archaeology --- X-rays --- Spectroscopie des rayons X en archéologie --- Archéologie --- Rayons X --- Congresses --- Methodology --- Congrès --- Méthodologie --- X-ray spectroscopy in archaeology - Congresses. --- History & Archaeology --- Spectroscopie des rayons X en archéologie --- Archéologie --- Congrès --- Méthodologie --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVSOCIA SPRINGER-B --- Social sciences. --- Particle acceleration. --- Atomic structure. --- Molecular structure. --- Spectra. --- Crystallography. --- Archaeology. --- Social Sciences. --- Atomic/Molecular Structure and Spectra. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Leptology --- Physical sciences --- Mineralogy --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Acceleration --- Congresses. --- Atomic structure  . --- Molecular structure . --- Structure, Molecular --- Chemical structure --- Structural bioinformatics --- Structure, Atomic --- Atomic theory

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The opportunities for doing scattering experiments at synchrotron and neutron facilities have grown rapidly in recent years and are set to continue to do so into the foreseeable future. This text provides a basic understanding of how these techniques enable the structure and dynamics of materials to be studied at the atomic and molecular level. Although mathematics cannot be avoided in a theoretical discussion, the aim has been to write a book that most scientists will still findapproachable. To this end, the first two chapters are devoted to providing a tutorial background in the mathematics

Neutrons --- X-rays --- Scattering. --- Rayons X --- Scattering --- Diffusion --- X-ray scattering --- Scattering (Physics) --- Nucleon-nucleon scattering --- Potential scattering --- scattering experiments, synchrotron facilities, neutron facilities, dynamics of materials, structure of materials

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Biophysics --- Medical physics --- Imagerie médicale --- Radiothérapie --- Rayons X --- Physique --- Médecine --- Sécurité --- Mesures --- Mechanobiology --- Health physics --- Health radiation physics --- Medical radiation physics --- Radiotherapy physics --- Radiation therapy physics --- Physics --- Biophysics. --- Imaging systems in medicine --- Radiotherapy --- X-rays --- Medicine --- Physique médicale --- Biophysique --- Biophysique. --- Safety measures --- Radiotherapy. --- Physics. --- Medicine. --- Imaging systems in medicine. --- Medical physics. --- Safety measures.

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Applications of X-ray scattering to soft matter have advanced considerably within recent years, both conceptually and technically – mature high-power X-ray sources, synchrotrons and rotating anodes, as well as high-speed detectors have become readily available. High-quality time-resolved experiments on polymer structure now can be performed with ease, a major advancement due to the genuine power of the scattering method. This manual summarizes the analytical power of modern X-ray scattering in the field of soft matter. Description of simple tools that can elucidate the mechanisms of structure evolution in the studied materials is followed by a step-by-step guide and breakdown of the more advanced methods. Data analysis based on clear, unequivocal results is rendered simple and straightforward – with a stress on the carefully planning of the experiments and adequate recording of all required data. To this end, this book serves as a useful ready-reference guide.

Soft condensed matter --- X-rays --- Matière molle (Physique) --- Rayons X --- Scattering --- Diffusion --- Soft condensed matter. --- Organic Chemistry --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Scattering. --- Matière molle (Physique) --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVCHIMI SPRINGER-B --- X-ray scattering --- Chemistry. --- Physical chemistry. --- Polymers. --- Condensed matter. --- Amorphous substances. --- Complex fluids. --- Materials science. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics. --- Physical Chemistry. --- Scattering (Physics) --- Condensed matter --- Matter, Soft (Condensed matter) --- Matter, Soft condensed --- Soft matter (Condensed matter) --- Complex fluids