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This book discusses RNA viruses and their potential to cause pandemics, such as the coronavirus pandemic the world is currently experiencing. It discusses different types of RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, HIV, and others. Chapters examine the epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and control using the One Health approach.

RNA viruses. --- Communicable diseases.

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RNA viruses --- Research --- Methodology.

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Global Perspectives of the Transmission of Zoonotic RNA Viruses from Wild Animal Species to Humans: Zoonotic, Epizootic, and Anthropogenic Transmission Viral Pathogens elaborates on the current knowledge surrounding the transmission of zoonotic RNA viruses from different wild animal species to humans, including updates on the reverse transmission of pathogens to humans across the globe, with coverage of rodents, pigs, birds and primates. This reference goes beyond the phenomena occurring in African and American regions to provide further study of zoonotic pathogens from the entire world, including various parts of Asia such as India. The book comprehensively covers new knowledge on many diverse wild primate species for a global perspective on the phenomena of cross-species transmissions of pathogenic RNA viruses. Against the backdrop of the current global Covid-19 pandemic, this reference helps solve the problem of incomplete knowledge on global epidemiology of zoonotic RNA viruses. RNA viruses have pandemic, epidemic and epizootic potentials caused by Influenza viruses, Avian Influenza viruses, and other infectious viruses.

RNA viruses. --- Riboviruses --- Viruses, RNA --- Viruses --- Zoonoses --- RNA Viruses --- Viral Zoonoses --- Transmission. --- Epidemiology. --- epidemiology --- transmission

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In the spring of 2013, the influenza A (H7N9) virus shocked China, and caused 134 human infections with 45 deaths in its first influenza season. In the 2013-2014 winter, the virus struck China again and caused 273 cases with 108 deaths. This H7N9 outbreak has raised concern for another influenza pandemic. In this book, the epidemiology of the H7N9 outbreak, and the origin and diversity of the virus genome are discussed. This book examines the emergence and management of RNA viruses, like influenza, as well as the classifications of the viruses.

Influenza viruses. --- RNA viruses. --- Riboviruses --- Viruses, RNA --- Viruses --- Orthomyxoviruses

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Viruses are widely present in nature, and numerous viral species with a variety of unique characteristics have been identified so far. Even now, new emerging or re-emerging viruses are being found or re-found as novel viral classes or as quasi-species. Indeed, viruses are everywhere. Of note, viruses are pivotal as targets and tools of basic and applied sciences. On one hand, portions of the viruses are infectious for animals including humans, and cause various diseases in infected hosts by distinct mechanisms and at a different level of severity. While many of viruses are known to co-exist quietly with their hosts, pathogenic viruses certainly affect and threaten our society as well as individuals to provoke serious medical or economic attention. We should act against certain dreadful and highly infectious viruses as a global problem. Animal RNA viruses can readily mutate to adapt themselves in their hostile environments for their survival. Resultant viruses may sometimes show essentially altered phenotypes from the original parental strains. This fundamental and general property of animal RNA viruses represents major extensive issues of scientific, medical, and/or economic importance. In this Research Topic, we have focused on the high mutability of animal RNA viruses, and selected relevant articles on animal viruses of broad-ranges such as primate lentiviruses, influenza viruses, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, rabies virus, norovirus, picornaviruses, and picobirnavirus. Each article has taken up intriguing aspects of the subject viruses. We are sure that readers acquire important information on virus mutation, adaptation, diversification, and evolution, and hope that researchers in the field related to virology gain some solid hints from the reported articles for further virological and /or medical studies. Finally, we thank all the contributing researchers in this Research Topic, entitled “Highly Mutable Animal RNA Viruses: Adaptation and Evolution”, for their elegant and interesting works.

mutation --- phylogenetic trees --- animal RNA viruses --- adaptation --- diversification