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Labor unions --- Professional associations --- Capacity and disability --- Trade associations --- Law and legislation

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Xiaoqun Xu makes a compelling and original contribution to the study of China's modernization with this book on the rise of professional associations in Republican China in their birthplace of Shanghai, and of their political and socio-cultural milieu. This 2001 book is rich in detail about the key professional and political figures and organizations in Shanghai, filling an important gap in its social history. The professional associations were, as the author writes, 'unambiguously urban and modern in their origins and functions ... representing a new breed of educated Chinese' and they pioneered a new type of relationship with the state. Xu addresses a central issue in China studies, the relationship between state and society, and proposes an alternative to the Western-derived concept of civil society. This book illuminates the complexity of modernization and nationalism in twentieth-century China, and provides a concrete case for comparative studies of professionalization and class formation across cultures.

Professional associations. --- Professions. --- Professions - China - Shanghai - History. --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Professional associations --- Professions --- History. --- Career patterns --- Careers --- Jobs --- Professional services --- Professional societies --- Trade and professional associations --- Occupations --- Interprofessional relations --- Vocational guidance --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Trade associations

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Newsletter of the AAPB, a non-profit organization of clinicians, researchers, and educators in biofeedback and related mind-body disciplines.

Professional associations --- Biofeedback training. --- Biological control systems. --- Psychophysiology. --- Professional associations. --- Behavioral physiology --- Physiological psychology --- Physiopsychology --- Psychology, Physiological --- Somatopsychics --- Professional societies --- Trade and professional associations --- Biocybernetics --- Biofeedback --- Biological cybernetics --- Biological regulation --- Control biophysics --- Control systems, Biological --- Control theory in biology --- Regulation, Biological --- Visceral learning --- Physiology --- Psychobiology --- Mind and body --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Trade associations --- Biological systems --- Control theory --- Cybernetics --- Feedback control systems --- Nervous system --- Biological control systems --- Feedback (Psychology) --- Operant conditioning --- Psychotherapy --- Biofeedback.

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Les collèges sont sans doute les structures collectives non institutionnelles les plus répandues dans l'Empire romain. Où qu'ils soient, leur organisation est similaire : un règlement régit l'inscription, l'administration, les réunions, les objectifs de ces communautés, dont le fonctionnement est soumis aux lois de l'empire, qui sont reconnues sur le plan administratif et surveillées par les autorités, soucieuses de ne pas laisser se développer des pratiques susceptibles de troubler l'ordre public. Les collèges sont désignés par un nom, qui semble refléter le lien qui rapproche leurs membres : une divinité, une profession, une spécialité, un ancrage territorial, une pratique funéraire ... ; mais tous sont polyvalents, se réunissent pour célébrer un culte, pour partager un banquet, pour choisir des représentants, pour solliciter un patronage, pour honorer l'empereur, pour goûter la convivialité. Nés en Italie, ils se diffusent dans tous les corps sociaux, armée comprise et, dans toutes les provinces, notamment en Occident où leur nombre et leur variété sont considérables. Ils constituent donc un témoignage de romanisation, et leur étude est susceptible d'éclairer “l'Empreinte de Rome sur l'Occident” sous un aspect non pas élitiste, mais “populaire” au sens premier, c'est-à-dire qui concerne l'ensemble de la société, non pas à titre exceptionnel, mais dans le quotidien. Pour appréhender au mieux le phénomène, leur diversité est mise en valeur tant sur le plan thématique (religieuse, professionnelle, funéraire, structures associatives parallèles ...), que géographique (provinces nord-occidentales, péninsule Ibérique, rives de l'Adriatique, Égypte), ou chronologique (persistance des collèges jusqu'au IVe s.), à travers une série de contributions, les unes larges, les autres ciblées par région ou par spécilisation, fondées sur une documentation essentiellement épigraphique et papyrologiques, dont l'exploitation est facilitée par les indices.

Professional associations. --- Guilds. --- Provincias --- Administración --- Condiciones sociales --- Civilización --- Influencia romana --- Administración. --- Influencia romana. --- Roma --- Europa --- Historia. --- Associations professionnelles --- Corporations --- Associations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Rome --- Mœurs et coutumes. --- Social life and customs. --- Professional associations --- Guilds --- Moeurs et coutumes --- Classics --- History --- collèges --- Empire romain --- banquet --- culte --- convivialité

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First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Economics --- Social systems. --- Sociology --- System theory --- Economic sociology --- Socio-economics --- Socioeconomics --- Sociology of economics --- Sociological aspects. --- Social aspects --- Industrial relations --- Strikes and lockouts --- Professional associations --- Retail trade --- Restraint of trade --- Professional societies --- Trade and professional associations --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Trade associations --- Retail industry --- Retailing --- Commerce --- Marketing --- Shopping centers --- Wholesale trade --- Societies, etc. --- Employers' liability --- Labor laws and legislation --- Industrial accidents