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Nematodes are one of the most important pests globally and can cause up to 14% loss of food crops. In total, nematodes cause over USD 100 billion in global crop damage annually. To date, only a few thousand PPN species have been described. Nematode identification has traditionally relied on morphological and anatomical characters using light microscopy and, in some cases, scanning electron microscopy (SCN). Lately, integrative studies combining molecular diagnosis with morphology and taxonomy have been used to accurately identify and describe nematode species. Detailed analyses of morphological and molecular data have both significantly contributed to our overall understanding of the dynamic and complex nature of plant-nematode interactions. This book includes eleven chapters that cover different aspects of nematology research, from classical morphology and taxonomy to DNA analysis and phylogeny. It also includes very useful information on the rapid detection of plant-parasitic nematodes.
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pertinent to the related topics and their compilation also made by subject learned scientist. It is to hope that this book will be serving as a good reference book to the subject related researchers and scientists.
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Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are economically important pests for numerous agriculture and forestry crops, representing a significant constraint on global food security and forestry health. Root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.), and root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are some examples of PPNs that are ranked at the top in the list of the most economically and scientifically important species. Current approaches to controlling these PPNs include the use of nematicides, but many pose serious concerns for human health and the environment. To cope with such threats, accurate diagnostic methods for nematode detection and a deep understanding of nematode infection processes, as well as of their intricate relationships with the host plants, are crucial for the development of effective integrated nematode management programs. This Special Issue entitled "Pant Parasitic Nematodes" is a collection of 11 original papers that cover a wide range of topics, including the state of the art of important PPN, and the detection and management of PPNs through sustainable and eco-friendly strategies.
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Nematode Diseases of Crops and their Sustainable Management focuses on methods to recognize and identify nematode attackers in agriculturally important crops, offering ecologically sustainable and economically viable strategies and measures for the management of nematode infestations and diseases. The book analyzes nematode pests as major constraints in global crop production and explores the limitations of existing nematode management technologies. It offers comprehensive information through individually focused chapters on major nematode problems in internationally important food, fiber and beverage crops as well as in mushrooms, polyhouse agriculture and forest flora with regard to distribution, and much more. In view of the highly damaging nature of the disease complexes and complexity in their management, independent chapters on nematode-fungus and nematode-bacteria disease complexes and their management are also presented.
Nematode diseases of plants --- Agricultural pests --- Plant diseases --- Plant nematodes --- Control. --- Nematode diseases of plants.
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This book reviews in a systematic crop by crop approach the state-of-the-art management strategies that have been developed to reduce nematode impact, and outlines their limitations.
Nematodes --- Nematode-plant relationships --- Plant nematodes --- Nematodes and plants --- Plant-nematode relationships --- Plants and nematodes --- Animal-plant relationships --- Control --- Phytopathogenic nematodes --- Plant parasitic nematodes --- Plant parasites --- Nematode diseases of plants --- 595.132 --- 632.6 --- 632.6 Animals injurious to plants (except Insecta) --- Animals injurious to plants (except Insecta) --- 595.132 Nematodes. Roundworms. Threadworm. Eelworm. Vinegar eel. Gapeworm. Hookworm --- Nematodes. Roundworms. Threadworm. Eelworm. Vinegar eel. Gapeworm. Hookworm --- Plant nematodes.
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Plant parasitic nematodes often establish unique, sophisticated relationships with their hosts, dramatically influencing plant productivity. This book reviews the most recent developments in the molecular biology of plant-nematode interactions that have been driven by the application of genomics tools. The book will be of interest to postgraduate students and to researchers with an interest in plant nematology and/or plant pathology more generally. A series of introductory chapters provide a biological context for the detailed reviews of all areas of plant-nematode interactions that follow and ensure that the bulk of the book is accessible to the non-specialist. Chapters provide not just the exciting state of the art in each field, but also the experts’ views of how they expect that research in each field would develop in the near future. A final section aims to show how these fundamental studies have provided outputs of practical relevance in agriculture.
Nematode-plant relationships -- Genetic aspects. --- Nematode-plant relationships. --- Plant nematodes -- Research. --- Plant nematodes. --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Sciences --- Plant molecular genetics. --- Nematodes and plants --- Plant-nematode relationships --- Plants and nematodes --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Plant pathology. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Molecular genetics --- Plant genetics --- Plant molecular biology --- Animal-plant relationships --- Plant nematodes --- Plant diseases. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Floristic botany
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This section of the Handbook of Zoology is intended as a comprehensive and exhaustive account of the biology of the taxa Gastrotricha, Nematoda, Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Gnathostomulida, Micrognathozoa, Rotifera, Seisonida and Acanthocephala, covering all relevant topics such as morphology, ecology, phylogeny and diversity. The series is intended to be a detailed and up-to-date account of these taxa. As was the case with the first edition, the Handbook is intended to serve as a reliable resource for decades. Many of the taxa of this volume are comparatively unknown to many biologists, despite their diversity and importance for example in meiofaunal communities (Gastrotricha, Rotifera, Gnathostomulida), their fascinating recent discoveries (Loricifera and Micrognathozoa), their importance as parasites (many nematodes, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala) and their importance for evolutionary questions (e.g. Priapulida, Gastrotricha). The groups covered range from those poor in species (such as Micrognathozoa with 2 known species) to the species-rich and diverse Nematoda and their ca. 20.000 described species. While each taxon is covered by one chapter, nematodes are treated in several chapters dedicated to their structural, taxonomic and ecological diversity.
Nematodes. --- Plant nematodes. --- Soil nematodes. --- Nematodes --- Soil invertebrates --- Phytopathogenic nematodes --- Plant parasitic nematodes --- Plant parasites --- Nematode diseases of plants --- Nematode-plant relationships --- Eelworms --- Nemas --- Nemata --- Nemates --- Nematoda --- Nematoidea --- Round worms --- Roundworm --- Roundworms --- Thread worms --- Threadworms --- Bilateria --- Worms --- Morphology. --- Nemotode. --- Parasite. --- Zoological Systematics. --- Zoology.
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The second volume of the IMPD series describes aspects related to most important phytoparasitic nematodes, considering the integration of biological control methods with other management practices and technologies, including the use of predatory nematodes and microbial rhizosphere antagonists. Chapters cover topics like the mode of action and interactions of nematophagous fungi, the efficacy of control and management of plant parasitic nematode communities through a soil conservation approach, and exploitation of nematodes-bacteria antagonistic relationships. A focus is given on regional issues, like the management of nematodes parasitizing staple crops, i.e. andean tubers or some important grain crops, like soybean in North and South America or cereals. A review on nematode management in cotton is integrated by a chapter on management of nematodes on wheat. New technologies are also revised, including the potentials of control methods based on RNA interference and issues related to the use of biofumigation to control nematodes in different regional or crop contexts.
Plant nematodes --- Nematodes --- Biological control. --- Control --- Agriculture. --- Plant diseases. --- Invertebrates. --- Botany. --- Ecology. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Invertebrata --- Animals --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Ecology --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Plant pathology. --- Plant science. --- Ecology . --- Floristic botany
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Twenty years have elapsed since that last book was published dedicated to biological control of nematodes and to this day a robust commercially successful biological control agent for plant parasitic nematodes is not routinely used. Soil suppressive to plant nematodes is a well established phenomenon and yet we clearly do not understand the ecology of it sufficiently well to manipulated it in a way that we can predicatively control these important plant pests. During the last 20 years there has also been a revolution in molecular biology and we now have many techniques available to us that were only just beginning to be developed when his original book was published. Traditional biological control scientists do not really have a clear understanding of what molecular biology can deliver and molecular biologists do not really understand the problems confronting biological control scientists. It has become increasingly apparent that each of these groups needed to walk around in each others shoes for a while, so to speak, and try and get an understanding of where each other were coming from and what may or may not be possible. The current volume focuses on a number of areas that are of importance in the area of plant parasitic nematode soil ecology, based on the multitrophic interactions between plant, nematodes and natural enemies, and also host parasite interactions, plant – nematode, nematode – natural enemy, that can now be dissected at the molecular level. By bringing all these areas together within the covers of a single book we hoped to build cohesion between these disciplines and help understand what might be possible from the point of view of biological control.
Microbial pesticides -- Congresses. --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms -- Biological control -- Congresses. --- Plant diseases -- Congresses. --- Plant nematodes --- Plant parasites --- Agriculture --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Plant Sciences --- Biological control --- Biological control. --- Life sciences. --- Agriculture. --- Microbiology. --- Plant pathology. --- Invertebrates. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Pathology. --- Plant diseases. --- Invertebrata --- Animals --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Plants --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries
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Plant-parasitic nematodes are recognized as one of the greatest threats to crop production throughout the world. Estimated annual crop losses of $8 billion in the United States and $78 billion worldwide are attributed to plant parasitic nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes not only cause damage individually but form disease-complexes with other microorganisms thereby increasing crop loss. Nematode diseases of crops are difficult to control because of their insidious nature and lack of specific diagnostic symptoms which closely resemble those caused by other plant pathogens and abiotic diseases. Future developments of sustainable management systems for preventing major economical agricultural losses due to nematodes is focused on strategies that limit production costs, enhance crop yields, and protect the environment. This book presents a first compendium and overview for nematode problems and their management across North America. Each chapter provides essential information on the occurrence and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes, their major crop hosts, impact on crop production and sustainable management strategies for each region of the continent including, Canada, Mexico and all states of the USA. For each region, a thematic overview of changes in crop production affected by plant parasitic nematodes and their management strategies over time will provide invaluable information on the important role of plant parasitic nematodes in sustainable agriculture.
Plant nematodes --- Phytopathogenic nematodes --- Plant parasitic nematodes --- Nematodes --- Plant parasites --- Nematode diseases of plants --- Nematode-plant relationships --- Botany. --- Agriculture. --- Sustainable development. --- Soil conservation. --- Plant Sciences. --- Sustainable Development. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Environmental aspects --- Plant science. --- Soil science. --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Agriculture --- Earth sciences --- Floristic botany
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