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The Origins of Self explores the role that selfhood plays in defining human society, and each human individual in that society. It considers the genetic and cultural origins of self, the role that self plays in socialisation and language, and the types of self we generate in our individual journeys to and through adulthood.Edwardes argues that other awareness is a relatively early evolutionary development, present throughout the primate clade and perhaps beyond, but self-awareness is a product of the sharing of social models, something only humans appear to do. The self of which we are aware is not something innate within us, it is a model of our self produced as a response to the models of us offered to us by other people. Edwardes proposes that human construction of selfhood involves seven different types of self. All but one of them are internally generated models, and the only non-model, the actual self, is completely hidden from conscious awareness. We rely on others to tell us about our self, and even to let us know we are a self.

Philosophy of language

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In the past decades, translation studies have increasingly focused on the ethical dimension of translational activity, with an emphasis on reflexivity to assert the role of the researcher in highlighting issues of visibility, creativity and ethics. In Reflexive Translation Studies, Silvia Kadiu investigates the viability of theories that seek to empower translation by making visible its transformative dimension; for example, by championing the visibility of the translating subject, the translator’s right to creativity, the supremacy of human translation or an autonomous study of translation.Inspired by Derrida’s deconstructive thinking, Kadiu presents practical ways of challenging theories that argue reflexivity is the only way of developing an ethical translation. She questions the capacity of reflexivity to counteract the power relations at play in translation (between minor and dominant languages, for example) and problematises affirmative claims about (self-)knowledge by using translation itself as a process of critical reflection.

Philosophy of language --- Translation & interpretation

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Boris Kment takes a new approach to the study of modality that emphasises the origin of modal notions in everyday thought. He argues that the concepts of necessity and possibility originate in counterfactual reasoning, which allows us to investigate explanatory connections. Contrary to accepted views, explanation is more fundamental than modality.

Modality (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Philosophy of language

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The works address, from different perspectives, the category of subject as a crucial category of contemporary thought. The scope of concerns is wide: the perspective of the American philosopher S. Cavell who makes a very original reception of the heritage of Austin and Wittgenstein; Sartre's phenomenological perspective in dialogue and conflict with that of Lacanian psychoanalysis and the reconceptualisations of ideology made by Louis Althusser; the constitution of the subject in tension between the subjection to power and the possibilities of resistance according to the perspective of Judith Butler; a rereading of the implication of structure and subject in the structural perspective opened by Saussure and continued by Lévi-Strauss, Benveniste and Lacan, subject that receives a treatment circumscribed to the thought of the Argentine Ernesto Laclau, in which different stages are distinguished; the implications that the fundamental events of the history of the 20th century bring for a conceptualization of subjectivity in the perspective of Theodor Adorno and the limitations that the conceptualization of the work of art as a game in Gadamer's work imposes on the modern conception of the subjectivity.

language --- filosofía --- philosophy --- philosophy of language

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This book serves as a basis for the exploration of language in a more systematic way. The main impetus for writing this book derives from the fact that linguistics and semiotics are two fields of study that need to be brought together under one compass because language is what is known as the “passkey semiotic,” i.e. the system of signs that underlies all other sign systems owing to its foundational status. Due to the current balkanization of linguistics as an academic discipline, the academic study of language structure rarely if ever incorporates the insights of semiotics and semioticians when presenting its material. By surveying the several major divisions of language (phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis, tropology) and explicating the way in which sound and meaning cohere in them, this text lays bare––for students, scholars and advanced readers alike––the lineaments of an understanding of what makes language the sign system par excellence, in the service of its most important function as the instrument of cognition and of communication. This book is intended as a companion volume to Shapiro’s The Speaking Self: Language Lore and English Usage. The two volumes taken in tandem will provide a solid grounding in the observational science of linguistics, linking theory with practice in a way that will expand one’s understanding of language as a global phenomenon. .

Semiotics --- Philosophy of language --- semiotiek --- taalfilosofie --- Semiotics. --- Language and languages --- Philosophy of Language. --- Philosophy.