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This book, originally published in French, examines the philosophical debates on functions over the last forty years and proposes new ways of analysis. Pervasive throughout the life sciences, the concept of function has the air of an epistemological scandal: ascribing a function to a biological structure or process amounts to suggesting that it is explained by its effects. This book confronts the debates on function with the use of the notion in a wide range of disciplines, such as biology, psychology, and medicine. It also raises the question of whether this notion, which is as old in the history of technology as it is in the life sciences, has the same meaning in these two domains.

Biology --- Technology --- Medicine --- Philosophy of Biology. --- Philosophy of Technology. --- Philosophy of Medicine. --- Philosophy. --- Health Workforce --- Technology and civilization --- Vitalism

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This open access book aims to clarify the term „evidence-based medicine“ (EBM) from a philosophy of science perspective. The author, Marie-Caroline Schulte discusses the importance of evi-dence in medical research and practice with a focus on the ethical and methodological prob-lems of EBM. The claims that EBM can herald a new theory of epistemology and a Kuhnian paradigm will be refuted. The solution is to describe EBM as a necessary development in medicine to deal with the increasing amount of evidence and medical data without losing the single patient out of sight. Contents The methodology of evidence-based research Informed consent and shared decision making in EBM (Evidence-based medicine) Knowledge does not equal evidence – what to do with what we have evidence for? Homeopathy – a case in point why EBM is so important – or „the plural of anecdote is not data.“ Target Groups Lecturers and students in the areas of medicine and philosophy of medicine Researchers in philosophy of medicine, medical doctors, ethicists, philosophers and medical activists The Author M.-C. Schulte has studied philosophy and history in the US and finished her MSc in philoso-phy and history of science at LSE. She did her PhD in philosophy of science, focus on medi-cine, at Hamburg University. She works freelance in an advisory capacity for NGOs working in the medical field and writes articles in her area of expertise.

Philosophy and science. --- Medicine—Philosophy. --- Medicine. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Philosophy of Medicine. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- Health Workforce --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Philosophy of Science --- Philosophy of Medicine --- Medicine/Public Health, general --- Clinical Medicine --- Philosophy of medicine --- Hahnemann Edzard Ernst --- Jeremy Howick --- Thomas Kuhn --- Homeopathy --- Epistemology --- Informed consent --- ECMO --- Tuskegee --- Placebo --- Bench to bedside --- External validity --- Randomised controlled trials --- Evidence-based medicine --- Open Access --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy --- Medicine: general issues --- Medicine --- Medical sciences. --- Health Sciences. --- Philosophy.

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Palgrave Encyclopedia of the Health Humanities provides a critical resource for understanding and debating the interdisciplinary research and practices in the health humanities. A seminal and international volume for students, scholars, and practitioners, this volume draws on the fields that link health and social care with the arts and humanities. The entries provide particular emphasis on the history of the field and the praxis, functions, and applications of the health humanities for public, international, and global health. Also explored are aspects of healthcare not previously considered in relation to a humanities perspective such as paramedical and allied health staff and informal carers. Suitable for undergraduates and graduates and scholars in the health humanities, humanities, arts, social sciences, public health, and medicine as well as health and social care practitioners, the major focus of the volume is to highlight the role of the health humanities in enriching the social, cultural, and phenomenological experience and understanding of illness, health, and wellbeing. .

Comparative literature. --- History. --- Medicine—Philosophy. --- Public health. --- Economic development. --- Health psychology. --- Comparative Literature. --- History of Science. --- Philosophy of Medicine. --- Public Health. --- Development and Health. --- Health Psychology.

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This book offers a comprehensive and unitary study of the philosophy of Francis Bacon, with special emphasis on the medical, ethical and political aspects of his thought. It presents an original interpretation focused on the material conditions of nature and human life. In particular, coverage in the book is organized around the unifying theme of Bacon’s notion of appetite, which is considered in its natural, ethical, medical and political meanings. The book redefines the notions of experience and experiment in Bacon’s philosophy of nature, shows the important presence of Stoic themes in his work as well as provides an original discussion of the relationships between natural magic, prudence and political realism in his philosophy. Bringing together scholarly expertise from the history of philosophy, the history of science and the history of literature, this book presents readers with a rich and diverse contextualization of Bacon’s philosophy.

Philosophy. --- Medicine --- Philosophy of nature. --- History of Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Nature. --- Philosophy of Medicine. --- Mental philosophy --- Nature --- Nature, Philosophy of --- Philosophy --- Humanities --- Natural theology --- Medical logic --- Philosophy (General). --- Medicine-Philosophy. --- Medicine—Philosophy. --- Health Workforce --- History.

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This book is open access under a CC BY license. This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combining this evaluation with evidence of association in order to yield an overall assessment of effectiveness. Evidence-based medicine seeks to achieve improved health outcomes by making evidence explicit and by developing explicit methods for evaluating it. To date, evidence-based medicine has largely focused on evidence of association produced by clinical studies. As such, it has tended to overlook evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms and evidence of the mechanisms of action of interventions. The book offers a useful guide for all those whose work involves evaluating evidence in the health sciences, including those who need to determine the effectiveness of health interventions and those who need to ascertain the effects of environmental exposures.

Philosophy. --- Epistemology. --- Medicine --- Philosophy of Medicine. --- Medical logic --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Medicine-Philosophy. --- Genetic epistemology. --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Health Workforce --- Medicine—Philosophy. --- Medicine—Philosophy --- Knowledge, Theory of.