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Numerical programs often use parallel programming techniques such as OpenMP to compute the program's output values as efficient as possible. In addition, derivative values of these output values with respect to certain input values play a crucial role. To achieve code that computes not only the output values simultaneously but also the derivative values, this work introduces several source-to-source transformation rules. These rules are based on a technique called algorithmic differentiation. The main focus of this work lies on the important reverse mode of algorithmic differentiation. The inherent data-flow reversal of the reverse mode must be handled properly during the transformation. The first part of the work examines the transformations in a very general way since pragma-based parallel regions occur in many different kinds such as OpenMP, OpenACC, and Intel Phi. The second part describes the transformation rules of the most important OpenMP constructs. Contents Introduction with Examples from Numerical Optimization Algorithmic Differentiation by Source Transformation Transformation rules for Parallel Code Regions (e.g. OpenMP 3.1) Static Program Analysis Target Groups Lecturers and students of computer science Computer scientists, engineers, mathematicians and numerical analysts The Author Michael Förster is currently Research Associate of the Institute Software and Tools for Computational Engineering, RWTH Aachen University.

Parallel programming (Computer science) --- OpenMP. --- Heterogeneous computing. --- Computer networks. --- OpenMP (Application program interface) --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Heterogeneous processing (Computers) --- High performance computing --- Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- Computer programming --- Distributed processing --- Open Multi-Processing (Application program interface) --- Computer science. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Mathematics of Computing. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Informatics --- Science --- Mathematics --- Computer science --- Applied mathematics. --- Mathematics. --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Computer mathematics --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications. --- Data processing.

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on OpenMP, IWOMP 2011, held in Chicago, IL, USA in June 2011. The 13 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. The papers are organized in topical sections on using OpenMP with application, tools for OpenMP, extensions of OpenMP, and implementation and performance.

Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- OpenMP --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Electrical Engineering --- Computer Science --- High performance computing --- OpenMP (Application program interface) --- Open Multi-Processing (Application program interface) --- Computer science. --- Microprocessors. --- Computer communication systems. --- Computer programming. --- Software engineering. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Computer Science. --- Processor Architectures. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Software Engineering. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Programming Techniques. --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic data processing --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Minicomputers --- Informatics --- Science --- Foundations --- Programming --- Distributed processing --- Computer software. --- Software, Computer

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Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Information Technology --- Computer Science (Hardware & Networks) --- OpenMP --- Parallel processing (Electronic computers) --- Parallel programming (Computer science) --- OpenMP (Application program interface) --- Open Multi-Processing (Application program interface) --- Computer science. --- Computer software --- Microprocessors. --- Computer system failures. --- Architecture, Computer. --- Computer programming. --- Computers. --- Computer Science. --- Programming Techniques. --- Theory of Computation. --- Performance and Reliability. --- System Performance and Evaluation. --- Processor Architectures. --- Computer System Implementation. --- Reusability. --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Computers --- Electronic computer programming --- Electronic data processing --- Electronic digital computers --- Programming (Electronic computers) --- Coding theory --- Architecture, Computer --- Computer failures --- Computer malfunctions --- Failure of computer systems --- System failures (Engineering) --- Fault-tolerant computing --- Minicomputers --- Reusability of software --- Reusable code (Computer programs) --- Software reusability --- Software reengineering --- Generic programming (Computer science) --- Informatics --- Science --- Programming --- Failures --- Information theory. --- Operating systems (Computers). --- Computer system performance. --- Computer network architectures. --- Architectures, Computer network --- Network architectures, Computer --- Computer architecture --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Computer operating systems --- Disk operating systems --- Systems software --- Operating systems --- Computer software—Reusability.

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This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on OpenMP, IWOMP 2016, held in Nara, Japan, in October 2016. The 24 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: applications, locality, task parallelism, extensions, tools, accelerator programming, and performance evaluations and optimization.

Computer science. --- Computer hardware. --- Microprocessors. --- Computer system failures. --- Software engineering. --- Programming languages (Electronic computers). --- Algorithms. --- Computer Science. --- Processor Architectures. --- Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters. --- System Performance and Evaluation. --- Computer Hardware. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Software Engineering. --- Algorism --- Computer languages --- Computer program languages --- Computer programming languages --- Machine language --- Computer software engineering --- Computer failures --- Computer malfunctions --- Computer systems --- Failure of computer systems --- Informatics --- Failures --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Electronic data processing --- Languages, Artificial --- Engineering --- System failures (Engineering) --- Fault-tolerant computing --- Minicomputers --- Science --- Foundations --- Computer system performance. --- Computer software. --- Software, Computer --- Application program interfaces (Computer software) --- Parallel programming (Computer science) --- OpenMP (Application program interface) --- APIs (Computer software) --- Interfaces, Application program (Computer software) --- Application software --- Open Multi-Processing (Application program interface)

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Rapid urbanization and industrialization have progressively caused severe impacts on the mountainous, river, coastal environments, and have increased the risks for people living in these areas. Human activities have changed the ecosystems, and, hence, it is important to determine ways to predict these consequences to enable the preservation and restoration of these key areas. Furthermore, extreme events attributed to climate change are becoming more frequent, aggravating the entire scenario and introducing ulterior uncertainties for the accurate and efficient management of these areas to protect the environment, as well as the health and safety of people. Climate change is altering the rain and extreme heat, as well as inducing other weather mutations. All these lead to more frequent natural disasters such as flood events, erosions, and contamination and spreading of pollutants. Therefore, efforts need to be devoted to investigating the underlying causes, and to identifying feasible mitigation and adaptation strategies to reduce the negative impacts on both the environment and citizens. In support of this aim, the selected papers in this book covered a wide range of issues that are mainly relevant to the following: i) the numerical and experimental characterization of complex flow conditions under specific circumstances induced by the natural hazards; ii) the effect of climate change on the hydrological processes in the mountainous, river and coastal environments, iii) the protection of ecosystems and the restoration of areas damaged by the effects of the climate change and human activities.

check dam --- hydrologic response --- sediment transport --- InHM --- Loess Plateau --- stratification effect --- inertia effect --- secondary flow --- meandering --- sediment laden flows --- pier scour --- non-uniform sediment --- armor layer --- equilibrium scour depth processes --- clear water scour condition --- suffusion --- internal stability --- grain size distribution (GSD) --- ecological operation --- multi-scale --- decomposition-coordination --- hydrologic alterations --- embankments --- overtopping failure --- material point method --- water–soil interactions --- numerical simulation --- SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) --- water-related natural hazards --- sediment scouring --- dense granular flow --- fast landslide --- surge wave --- flooding on complex topography --- HPC (High Performance Computing) --- FOSS (Free Open Source Software) --- climate change --- water levels --- causes and implications --- Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau --- rainfall patterns --- rainfall-runoff --- soil erosion --- slope length --- slope gradient --- non-homogeneous debris flow --- viscous coefficients --- intermittent debris flows --- energy conversion --- focusing waves --- wave amplitude spectra --- space-time parameter --- experimental investigations --- InVEST model --- wetland --- ecosystem service assessment --- value analysis --- schistosomiasis prevention --- ISPH --- liquid sloshing --- water jet flow --- impact pressure --- excitation frequency --- Navier-Stokes equation --- SST k-ω turbulence model --- vortex-induced vibration (VIV) --- Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method --- finite element method (FEM) --- rock–soil contact area --- fissure flow --- karst rocky desertification --- runoff --- rainfall simulation --- Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) --- porous media --- mathematical model --- coastal structure --- ocean and engineering --- turbulence --- emergent vegetation --- flexible vegetation --- rigid vegetation --- coherent structures --- shear layer --- elastic actuator line model --- OpenFOAM --- NREL 5 MW wind turbine --- aeroelastic performance --- check dam system --- sedimentary land --- flood control --- dam break --- SWE --- SPH --- openMP --- numerical modelling --- computational time --- experimental modelling --- scouring --- smoothed-particle hydrodynamics --- flooding --- dam-break --- debris flows --- urban evolution --- natural hazard