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Ancient religions are definitely complex systems of gods, which resist our understanding. Divine names provide fundamental keys to gain access to the multiples ways gods were conceived, characterized, and organized. Among the names given to the gods many of them refer to spaces: cities, landscapes, sanctuaries, houses, cosmic elements. They reflect mental maps which need to be explored in order to gain new knowledge on both the structure of the pantheons and the human agency in the cultic dimension. By considering the intersection between naming and mapping, this book opens up new perspectives on how tradition and innovation, appropriation and creation play a role in the making of polytheistic and monotheistic religions. Far from being confined to sanctuaries, in fact, gods dwell in human environments in multiple ways. They move into imaginary spaces and explore the cosmos. By proposing a new and interdisciplinary angle of approach, which involves texts, images, spatial and archeaeological data, this book sheds light on ritual practices and representations of gods in the whole Mediterranean, from Italy to Mesopotamia, from Greece to North Africa and Egypt. Names and spaces enable to better define, differentiate, and connect gods.
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Onomastics --- Croatia. --- Croatia
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En este volumen se ofrece un conjunto de estudios centrados en el análisis de las investigaciones realizadas hasta la actualidad sobre la toponimia de las diversas regiones de España, así como en la determinación de las lagunas existentes en la indagación de los nombres de lugar, es decir, los temas no acometidos todavía y las áreas aún pendientes de estudio, esbozando además en líneas generales las perspectivas de la investigación futura. Los capítulos han sido realizados por expertos en el estudio de los nombres de lugar de cada región investigada, de acuerdo con una metodología homogénea: (1) exposición del estado de la cuestión, con especificación de las áreas investigadas y comentario de los trabajos existentes de recopilación y de interpretación de nombres; (2) trabajo que está aún pendiente de ser llevado a cabo: áreas geográficas todavía no atendidas y estratos histórico-lingüísticos no analizados aún; y (3) proyectos de investigación en curso de realización. Esta obra colectiva resulta de interés excepcional no solo para especialistas en la lengua española y sus dialectos, sino en otras lenguas románicas y no románicas, ya que se incluyen capítulos relativos a la toponimia de las comunidades bilingües del país: Galicia, Asturias, Cataluña, Baleares, País Valenciano, País Vasco y Navarra.
Names, Geographical --- Toponymy --- Dialectology. --- Language History. --- Onomastics. --- Sociolinguistics. --- Spain.
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Hungarian language --- Onomastics. --- Onomastics --- Onomastique --- Etymology --- Names. --- Periodicals. --- Names --- Périodiques --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- onomastics --- Hungarian --- name studies --- linguistics --- Onomatology --- Language and languages --- Onomasiology --- Magyar language --- Finno-Ugric languages --- Names, Personal --- hungarian --- hungarian linguistics
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onomastics --- proper names --- toponomastics --- anthroponomastics --- linguistics --- humanities --- Onomastics --- Language and languages --- Onomasiology --- Names, Personal --- Names --- Onomatology --- Etymology --- Onomastics. --- Latin America. --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America
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Named Entities provides critical information for many NLP applications. Named Entity recognition and classification (NERC) in text is recognized as one of the important sub-tasks of Information Extraction (IE). The seven papers in this volume cover various interesting and informative aspects of NERC research. Nadeau & Sekine provide an extensive survey of past NERC technologies, which should be a very useful resource for new researchers in this field. Smith & Osborne describe a machine learning model which tries to solve the over-fitting problem. Mazur & Dale tackle a common problem of NE and conjunction; as conjunctions are often a part of NEs or appear close to NEs, this is an important practical problem. A further three papers describe analyses and implementations of NERC for different languages: Spanish (Galicia-Haro & Gelbukh), Bengali (Ekbal, Naskar & Bandyopadhyay), and Serbian (Vitas, Krstev & Maurel). Finally, Steinberger & Pouliquen report on a real WEB application where multilingual NERC technology is used to identify occurrences of people, locations and organizations in newspapers in different languages.The contributions to this volume were previously published in Lingvisticae Investigationes 30:1 (2007).
Onomastics. --- Natural language processing --- Onomastiek --- Natural language processing. --- Onomastiek. --- Onomastics --- Names --- Onomatology --- Language and languages --- Onomasiology --- Etymology --- Names, Personal --- Linguistics. --- Linguistic science --- Science of language
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Kaum beachtet in der Forschung, dafür umso präsenter im Alltag sind die Namen für politische und kulturelle Ereignisse (Praxonyme), Waren-/Dienstleistungen und sonstige Objekte (Ergonyme), zu denen auch Institutionen (Schulen, Sportvereine) zählen. In der Fachliteratur zu "sonstigen" Namen zusammengefasst harren die 'Stiefkinder der Onomastik' oft noch ihrer linguistischen Analyse. Dieser Band rückt solche meist jungen Namenarten erstmals in den Fokus. Das Spektrum der 20 Beiträge reicht von Ereignis- (politische Skandale, Messen) und Objekt- (Filme, Finanzprodukte, Haushaltsgegenstände) bzw. Institutionsnamen (Schulen, Fußballvereine) bis hin zu wenig erforschten Personen- (Usernamen) und Ortsnamen (Kletterrouten, Kolonialnamen). Auch grammatische und graphematische Aspekte werden beleuchtet (Flexion von Gattungseigennamen, Namen und Orthographie). Der Band richtet sich an das linguistische Fachpublikum und versteht sich als Impuls zur weiteren Erforschung der äußerst vielgestaltigen Namenarten an der Schnittstelle zwischen Appellativik und Onymik.
Onomastics. --- Names --- Onomatology --- Language and languages --- Onomasiology --- Names, Personal --- Etymology --- Ergonyms. --- Eventonyms. --- Name Classes.
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This study examines colonially motivated street naming processes during the German Reich. It collects and analyses name structures and discursive functions in terms of the colonizing certainties that they verbalised. By combining innovative onomastics and discourse linguistics, this volume is the first to record and discuss global histories of entanglement using the example of the naming of public space in the German metropolis. Während für koloniale Straßennamen im heutigen deutschsprachigen Raum ein reges Interesse zu verzeichnen ist, das vorrangig an Diskussionen einer etwaigen Notwendigkeit ihrer Umbenennung in einzelnen Städten anknüpft, sind die sprachhistorischen Benennungen in ortsübergreifender Perspektive in Bezug auf Kolonialismus und koloniale Themen unerforscht.Die Arbeit geht den linguistischen Praktiken solcher toponymischer Namenvergabeprozesse vom Beginn der faktischen Kolonialzeit bis zur Endphase der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft nach. Sie erhebt und analysiert strukturbezogen-funktionale Muster sowie diskursive Argumentationszusammenhänge hinsichtlich der damit versprachlichten kolonisatorischen Gewissheiten.Der umfangreiche Datenbestand (über 500 Straßennamen), deren koloniale Benennungsmotivik anhand zahlreicher Quellen und Quellengattungen bis 1945 nachgewiesen werden kann, zeigt, dass die Bedeutung kolonialtoponomastischer Raumaneignung bzw. -besetzung in erheblichem Ausmaß auch auf das Deutsche Reich zurückwirkte. In der Verbindung innovativer Onomastik und Diskurslinguistik werden die globalen Verflechtungsgeschichten erstmalig anhand der Benennung des öffentlichen Raumes in der deutschen Metropole umfassend erfasst und erläutert.
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This ambitious study of all proper names in the Chanson de Roland is based for the first time on a systematic survey of the whole geographical and historical literature from antiquity to after 1100 for the Geographica, and on working through (almost) the entire documentary tradition of France and its neighbouring regions from 778 to the early 12th century for the personal names. The overall result is clear: the surviving song is more tightly and profoundly structured, even in smaller scenes, than generally assumed, it is also richer in depicting reality, and it has a very long prehistory, which can be traced in outline, albeit with decreasing certainty, (almost) back to the Frankish defeat of 778. Here are some individual results: for the first time, a detailed (and ultimately simple!) explanation not only of the 'pagan' catalogue of peoples, but also of the overarching structure of Baligant's empire, the organisation of North Africa, the corpus of the Twelve Anti-Pairs as well as the 'pagan' gods are given, and individual names such as Bramimunde and Jurfaret, toponyms such as Marbrise and Marbrose are explained. From Roland's Spanish conquests (v. 196-200), the course of the elapsed set anz toz pleins is reconstructed. Even the names of the weapons prove to be a small structured group, in that they are very discreetly adapted to their respective 'pagan' or Christian owner. On the Christian side, the small list of relics in Roland's sword is also carefully devised, not least in what is left out: a relic of the Lord; this is reserved for Charlemagne's Joiuse. The author explains for example, why from the archangel triad only Michael and Gabriel descend to the dying Roland, whereas 'the' angel Cherubin descends in Rafael's place. Munjoie requires extensive discussion, because here a (hitherto insufficiently recorded) toponym has been secondarily charged by the poet with traditional theological associations. The term Ter(e) major is attested for the first time in reality, namely in the late 11th century in Norman usage. For the core of France, the fourth cornerstone - along with Besançon, Wissant and Mont-Saint-Michel - is Xanten, and its centre is Aachen. The poet's artful equilibration of Charles's ten eschieles and their leaders is traced. The "Capetian barrier" emerges as a basic fact of epic geography. Approximatively, the last quarter of the study is devoted to the prehistory of the song, going backwards in time: still quite clearly visible is an Angevin Song of Roland from around 1050, in which Marsilĭe, Olivier, Roland, Ganelon, Turpin and Naimes already have roles similar to those in the preserved Song. Behind it, between about 970 and shortly after 1000, is the Girart de Vienne from the Middle Rhône, already recognised by Aebischer, with the newly invented Olivier contra Roland. Finally, in faint outlines, an oldest attainable, also Middle Rhône adaptation of the Roland material from shortly after 870 emerges. For the Chanson de Roland, Gaston Paris and Joseph Bédier were thus each right on the main point that was close to their hearts: the surviving song has both the thoroughly sophisticated structure of great art that Bédier recognised in it, and the imposingly long prehistory that Paris conjectured.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY / French. --- Chanson de Roland. --- Epic Poem. --- Medieval French Literature. --- Onomastics.
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