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Over the past decade, extensive research has been conducted on the subject of coal as one of the world's leading energy sources. The current and future status of this resource is a topic of considerable interest to the largest world economies, including the US, Japan, China and Europe. Advances in the Science of Victorian Brown Coal provides critical reviews of the information and research published over this time, giving the reader an authoritative overview of the science surrounding this important topic.· Critical review of recent research surrounding the utilizati

Lignite --- Coal

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A thorough international review of all aspects of lignites, including the essential topics of CO2 emissions and carbon capture and storage.

Lignite --- Brown coal --- Coal --- Fuel --- Testing.

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Providing a comprehensive survey of the origin, the fundamental properties, and the technology of utilization of the lignites of North America, this book will be of particular interest to professional scientists and engineers working in coal research or coal technology. Coals display a continuum of properties, often with no sharp, steep change between ranks and thus the book restricts the discussion strictly to lignites (with the occasional comparisons with other coals). There is a very extensive index, making the contents of the book easily accessible to the reader.

Lignite --- Coal --- Caustobioliths --- Fossil fuels --- Brown coal --- Fuel

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It is widely believed that a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions originated anthropogenically from the use of fossil fuels with additional contributions coming from manufactured materials, deforestation, soil erosion, and agriculture (including livestock). The global society actively supports measures to create a flexible and low-carbon energy economy to attenuate climate change and its devastating environmental consequences. In this Special Issue, the recent advancements in the next-generation thermochemical conversion processes for solid fuels and renewable energies (e.g., the operational flexibility of co-combustion of biomass and lignite, integrated solar combined cycle power plants, and advanced gasification systems such as the sorption-enhanced gasification and the chemical looping gasification) were shown.

hydrochar --- hydrothermal carbonization --- biogas upgrading --- CO2 capture --- pressure swing adsorption --- gasification --- kinetic model --- conversion model --- reaction model --- low-rank coal --- tar absorption --- process simulation --- validation study --- sensitivity analyses --- lignite --- lignite gasification --- fluidized-bed gasifier --- olivine --- solar cooling --- solar cooling system --- TRNSYS --- absorption chiller --- performance and analysis --- solar energy --- chemical looping --- biomass gasification --- process control --- CO2 absorption --- experimental study --- energy analysis --- exergy analysis --- CSP --- PTC --- ISCC --- power plant --- CFB combustion --- operational flexibility --- load transients --- fluctuating electricity generation --- renewables --- one-dimensional SEG model --- dual fluidized bed --- sorbent deactivation --- hydrodynamics --- kinetics --- fuel feeding rate --- biomass --- thermochemical conversion technologies --- combustion --- carbon capture and storage/utilization --- solar-driven air-conditioning --- integrated solar combined cycle --- energy and exergy analyses --- thermodynamic modeling --- dynamic process simulation

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The development of porous materials has attracted the attention of the research community for years. Porosity characteristics have specific impacts on the material properties and materials that are applied in many areas, such as pollutant removal, CO2 capture, energy storage, catalytic oxidation and reduction processes, the conversion of biomass to biofuels, and drug delivery. Examples of porous materials are activated carbons, clays, and zeolites. The aim of this book is to collect the recent advances and progress regarding porous materials and their applications in the environmental area.

spherical seeds --- spherical activated carbons --- activation --- microporosity --- mechanical properties --- diatomite --- zeolite X --- hydrothermal method --- calcium ion exchange capacity --- clay minerals particles --- orientational anisotropy --- granular systems --- disk packing --- X-Ray microtomography --- mesoscale simulation --- water produced --- adsorbent materials --- composite --- AlFe-pillared clay --- CrCeOx --- chlorobenzene --- catalytic combustion --- temperature-programmed reaction --- lignite --- porous structure --- carbon dioxide --- pressure --- CuCl/AC adsorbent --- CO adsorption --- monolayer dispersion --- isosteric heat --- adsorption isotherms --- Fischer–Tropsch --- supported iron oxide --- supported cobalt oxide --- reducibility --- dispersion --- biosorption --- weed --- methylene blue dye --- natural biosorbents --- adsorption kinetics