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Regarding the historical present in Czech narrative the author proposes to distinguish three main modes: (i) the narrative present, which follows the same aspectual opposition system of the past tense narration mode; (ii) the tabular present, which neutralizes the aspectual opposition in favour of the imperfective aspect; (iii) the complementary distribution, which alternates past perfective and present imperfective. This assumption allows to reconsider the hypothesis of a trend to neutralize aspectual opposition in the historical present in Czech (Bondarko 1958).

Italian language

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The contribution examines the Libro de i secretti et ricette, composed in 1562 by Frate Giovanni Andrea de Farre, which constitutes an interesting testimony of specialistic language related to pharmacology between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. It focuses mainly on a quantitative analysis of the lexicon and on the potentialities for research through the creation of a glossary. It also dwells on some linguistic features functional to the identification of possible diachronic and diatopic stratificated layers of the text, probably related to written and oral recipes of various origins.

Italian language

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The book draws a brief profile of Italian linguistic history and addresses some current problems linked to globalization, the values ​​of the mother tongue and multilingualism and the need to re-establish Italian and European linguistic policy on new foundations. Contemporary Italian is a particularly stratified cultural asset, in which one can grasp, alongside the many new elements, the evident and precious signs of a very strong link with the past. In the European panorama, Italy today stands out, in fact, for the accentuated multilingualism and the long duration of the national language. On the one hand, the extraordinary animal and plant biodiversity in our country corresponds to an extraordinary cultural and linguistic diversity; on the other hand, we all feel that Dante's language, Petrarch and Boccaccio still belong to us, and coincide in the fundamental features with ours. Such wealth, particularly appreciated abroad (as shown by the growing demand for Italian in the world), deserves to be better known by the younger generations, and also protected and enhanced with appropriate tools, starting with a decisive rethinking of the national language policy.

Italian language.

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Voci is an innovative textbook for students of Italian at the intermediate level. It is designed to engage readers in conversation through a series of interactive activities and reading and writing exercises. The text features a variety of Italian `voices' - selections from literature, interviews, and contemporary film, as well as illustrations of a number of Italian dialects. Included are writings from such authors as Dante, Giovanni Guareschi, and Luigi Pirandello; as well as interviews with the historian Piero Melograni and the novelist and linguist Umberto Eco.A series of topics ranging from cultural attitudes to dialect variation provides the focus for the fourteen units of the book. Each unit contains an introductory section that establishes the theme of the unit and illustrates one or more styles of expression; a linguistic section that includes grammar, vocabulary, and language exercises; a reading selection that expands the topics introduced in the unit; and a writing task linked to the unit's theme. A unique feature of Voci is the emphasis on paired and small-group activities designed to prompt students to work together in developing their own conversational strategies.The aim of Voci is to promote creative expression in Italian. Through the combination of readings and the exercises students learn about Italian culture, history, and language while they expand and develop their language skills.

Italian language --- English.

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Italian language --- Phonetics.