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Relational inferences are a well-known problem for Aristotelian logic. This book charts the development of thinking about this anomaly, from the beginnings of the Arabic logical tradition in the tenth century to the end of the nineteenth. Based in large part on hitherto unstudied manuscripts and rare books, the study shows that the problem of relational inferences was vigorously debated in the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. In the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Ottoman logicians (writing in Arabic) came to recognize relational inferences as a distinct kind of 'unfamiliar syllogism' and began to investigate their logic. These findings show that the development of Arabic logic did not - as is often supposed - come to an end in the fourteenth century. On the contrary, Arabic logic was still being developed by critical and fecund reflections as late as the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Syllogism --- Islamic philosophy --- Inference. --- Syllogisme --- Philosophie islamique --- Inférence (Logique) --- History. --- Histoire --- Inference --- History --- Islamic philosophy -- History. --- Syllogism -- History. --- Philosophy --- Philosophy & Religion --- Logic --- Inférence (Logique) --- Ampliative induction --- Induction, Ampliative --- Inference (Logic) --- Argumentation --- Reasoning --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Syllogism - History --- Islamic philosophy - History

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This volume represents the state of the art in research on the controversial Muslim legal scholar, theologian and man of letters Ibn Ḥazm of Cordoba (d. 456/1064), who is widely regarded as one of the most brilliant minds of Islamic Spain. Remembered mostly for his charming treatise on love, he was first and foremost a fierce polemicist who was much criticized for his idiosyncratic views and his abrasive language. Insisting that the sacred sources of Islam are to be understood in their outward sense and that it is only the Prophet Muḥammad whose example may be followed, Ibn Ḥazm alienated himself from his peers. As a result, his books were burned and he was forced to withdraw from public life. Contributors are: Camilla Adang, Hassan Ansari, Samuel-Martin Behloul, Alfonso Carmona, Leigh Chipman, Maribel Fierro, Alejandro García Sanjuán, Livnat Holtzman, Samir Kaddouri, Joep Lameer, Christian Lange, Gabriel Martinez Gros, Luis Molina, Salvador Peña, Jose Miguel Puerta Vilchez, Rafael Ramón Guerrero, Adam Sabra, Sabine Schmidtke, Delfina Serrano, Bruna Soravia, Dominique Urvoy, Kees Versteegh and David Wasserstein.

Islamic philosophy --- Philosophie islamique --- History. --- Histoire --- Ibn Hazm, 'Ali ibn Ahmad, --- History --- Ibn Ḥazm, ʻAlī ibn Aḥmad, --- Abenhazam, --- Abenházam, Abumohámed, --- Abū ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ḥazm, --- Abú Muḥammad ʻAlí ibn Ḥazm, --- Abu Mukhamed Ali ibn Akhmad ibn Khazm, --- Abumohámed Abenházam, --- ʻAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Ḥazm, --- Ben Hazm, Ali, --- Ibn Ḥazm, Abū ʻAbd Allāh Muḥammad, --- Ibn Ḥazm, Abú Muḥammad ʻAlí, --- Ibn Hazm al-Andalousi, --- Ibn Ḥazm al-Andalusī, --- Ibn Hazm de Córdoba, --- Ibn Khazm, Abu Mukhamed Ali ibn Akhmad, --- אבן חזם, האנדלוסי --- אבן־חזם, אבן מוחמד עלי בן אחמד בן סיד, --- אבן־חזם, אבו מוחמד עלי בן אחמד בן סיד, --- זְֲ ו, הך ֲז ֵו --- ابي محمد علي بن احمد بن حزم الطاهري --- ابن جزم، علي بن أحمد --- ابن حزم ابن أحمد --- ابن حزم الأندلوسي --- ابن حزم الاندلسي --- ابن حزم ، علي بن أحمد، --- ابن حزم، علي ابن أحمد، --- ابن حزم، علي بن أحمد ابو علي، --- ابن حزم، علي بن أحمد، --- ابن حزم، علي بن احمد --- ابن حزم، علي بن احمد، --- ابن حزم، علي بن محمد، --- ابن حوم، علي بن أحمد --- علي بن أحمد بن حزم --- İbn Hazm el-Endelüsî, --- İbn Hazm Ebû Muhammed Alî bin Ahmed bin Saîd bin Hazm el-Endelüsî el-Kurtubî, --- Ibn Hazm, Abū Muhammad 'Alī ibn Ahmad --- Hazm, Ibn --- Islamic philosophy - History --- Ibn Ḥazm, ʻAlī ibn Aḥmad, - 994-1064

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Samira Haj conceptualizes Islam through a close reading of the writings of Muhammad ibn 'Abdul Wahhab (1703-87) and Muhammad 'Abduh (1849-1905)-each of whom is representative of a distinct trend, chronologically as well as philosophically, in the constitution of modern Islam.

Islamic modernism. --- Islamic renewal. --- Islam and reason. --- Islamic philosophy --- Islam --- Islamic reform --- Islamic revivalism --- Islamic revivalist movement --- Ṣaḥwah (Islam) --- Religious awakening --- Wahhābīyah --- Modernism, Islamic --- History. --- Reform --- Renewal --- Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, --- Muḥammad ʻAbduh, --- ʻAbduh, Muḥammad, --- Mu-han-mo-te A-pu-tu, --- Abdo, Mohammad, --- Mohammad Abdo, --- Mehmet Abduh, --- عبده، محمد --- عبده، محمد، --- محمد عابدة --- محمد عبدة --- محمد عبده --- محمد عبده، --- محمد عبده, --- Abdul Wahāb, Muḥammad bin, --- ʻAbdulvahhāb, Muḥammad bin, --- Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Muḥammad, --- Ibn Abdel Wahhab, Muhammad, --- Muḥammad bin ʻAbdul Wahāb, --- Muḥammad bin ʻAbdulvahhāb, --- Muḣammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb al-Najdī, --- Muhammad ibn Abdel Wahhab, --- Muḧemmedê kur̄ê ʻEbdilwehhabî, --- Najdī, Muḣammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, --- Tamīmī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, --- Muḥammad bin ʻAbdulvahāb, --- تميمي، محمد بن عبد الوهاب --- محمد ابن عبد الوهاب --- محمد بن عبد الوهاب النجدي --- محمد بن عبد الوهاب ، --- محمد بن عبد الوهاب، --- ‏محمّد بن عبدالوهاب،‏ --- Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab, --- Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Vahhāb Qazvīnī, --- محمد بن عبد الوهاب قزوينى --- Qazvīnī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Vahhāb, --- قزوينى، محمد بن عبد الوهاب --- Mírzá Muḥammad, --- Islamic modernism --- Islamic renewal --- Faith and reason --- History --- Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, --- ʻAbduh, Muḥammad --- Mu-han-mo-te A-pu-tu --- Abdo, Mohammad --- Mohammad Abdo --- Mehmet Abduh --- Faith and reason - Islam --- Islamic philosophy - History --- Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, - 1703 or 1704-1792 --- Muḥammad ʻAbduh, - 1849-1905 --- Islam. --- Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, --- Muhammad Abduh,