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Papacy --- History. --- Innocent

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Innocent III (1198-1216) fut l’un des papes les plus marquants du Moyen Âge. Mais l’importance de son action à la tête de l’Église a longtemps occulté le passé de celui que l’on surnomma « la stupeur du monde ». Or, avant son pontificat, il connut une brillante et rapide ascension que les sources permettent de retracer. Lothaire de Segni était un fils de l’aristocratie du sud du Latium, implantée à Rome. Esprit rigoureux, formé par les meilleurs maîtres de son temps à Rome, Bologne et surtout à Paris où il fréquenta les écoles de Saint-Victor et du Cloître Notre-Dame, il devint un théologien réputé à la curie, auteur de trois ouvrages majeurs, expert en exégèse et en liturgie, instruit en dialectique. Dès l’enfance, il entra au service de l’Église romaine et fut soutenu au long de son cursus par un groupe de clercs et de cardinaux influents. Promu lui-même cardinal des Saints-Serge-et-Bacchus à vingt-neuf ans, il fut élu pape dix ans plus tard, le 8 janvier 1198, porté par l’espoir d’une réforme de l’Église, espoir que semblait incarner sa jeunesse. L’étude de cette carrière exceptionnelle illustre les chemins qui, au XIIe siècle, mènent au pontificat, et les critères plus ou moins implicites de l’élection : la personnalité du candidat - tributaire des archétypes moraux de l’époque -, ses compétences intellectuelles, le poids du contexte politique et des réseaux d’influence, tout en laissant sa part au hasard, ou à la Providence comme l’affirment les sources.

Popes --- Papes --- Biography. --- Biographies --- Innocent --- Innocent III (pape (1160?-1216) --- clerc --- pape --- Moyen Âge --- Église --- Église romaine --- biographie

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The primacy of the bishop of Rome, the pope, as it was finally shaped in the Middle Ages and later defined by Vatican I and II has been one of the thorniest issues in the history of the Western and Eastern Churches. This issue was a primary cause of the division between the two Churches and the events that followed the schism of 1054: the sack of Constantinople by the crusaders in 1204, the appointment by Pope Innocent III of a Latin patriarch of Constantinople, and the establishment of Uniatism as a method and model of union. Always a topic in ecumenical dialogue, the issue of primacy has appeared to be an insurmountable obstacle to the realization of full unity between Roman Catholicism and the Orthodox Christianity. In this timely and comprehensive work, Maximos Vgenopoulos analyzes the response of major Orthodox thinkers to the Catholic understanding of the primary of the pope over the last two centuries, showing the strengths and weaknesses of these positions. Covering a broad range of primary and secondary sources and thinkers, Vgenopoulos approaches the issue of primacy with an open and ecumenical manner that looks forward to a way of resolving this most divisive issue between the two Churches. For the first time here the thought of Greek and Russian Orthodox theologians regarding primacy is brought together systematically and compared to demonstrate the emergence of a coherent view of primacy in accordance with the canonical principles of the Orthodox Church. In looking at crucial Greek-language sources Vgenopoulos makes a unique contribution by providing an account of the debate on primacy within the Greek Orthodox Church. Primacy in the Church from Vatican I to Vatican II is an invaluable resource on the official dialogue taking place between the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church today. This important book will be of broad interest to historians, theologians, seminarians, and all those interested in Orthodox-Catholic relations.

Popes --- Episcopacy. --- Primacy. --- Orthodox Eastern Church --- Catholic Church --- Relations --- Catholic Church. --- Orthodox Eastern Church. --- Doctrines. --- sack of Constantinople, schism of 1054, Pope Innocent III, Uniatism, Roman Catholic Church.

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Innocent graphically documents forty-two recent criminal cases to find evidence of shocking miscarriages of justice, especially in murder cases. Based upon interviews with more than 200 people and reviews of hundreds internal case files, court records, smoking-gun memoranda, and other documents, Scott Christianson gets inside the legal cases, revealing the mistakes, abuses, and underlying factors that led to miscarriages of justice, while also describing how determined prisoners, post-conviction attorneys, advocates, and journalists struggle against tremendous odds to try to win their exonerations.The result is a powerful work that recounts the human costs of a criminal justice system gone awry, and shows us how wrongful convictions can—and do—happen everywhere.

Prosecutorial misconduct --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Judicial error --- Conviction of the innocent --- Convictions, Erroneous --- Convictions, Mistaken --- Convictions, Wrongful --- Criminal justice, Errors of --- Erroneous convictions --- Errors of criminal justice --- Innocent, Conviction of the --- Justice, Miscarriage of --- Miscarriage of justice --- Mistaken convictions --- Wrongful convictions --- Justice, Administration of --- Trials --- Misconduct, Prosecutorial --- Legal ethics --- blameless. --- blaming. --- consequences. --- journalist. --- prominent. --- reveals.

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Rough Justice recounts the experiences of victims of police and criminal justice failings through the stories of some who fought back, often with amazing commitment and courage.

Police misconduct --- Judicial error --- Conviction of the innocent --- Convictions, Erroneous --- Convictions, Mistaken --- Convictions, Wrongful --- Criminal justice, Errors of --- Erroneous convictions --- Errors of criminal justice --- Innocent, Conviction of the --- Justice, Miscarriage of --- Miscarriage of justice --- Mistaken convictions --- Wrongful convictions --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Justice, Administration of --- Trials --- Misconduct in office --- Police --- Complaints against --- E-books