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mathematics --- epistemology --- history of mathematics --- pure mathematics --- applied mathematics
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Mathematical Sciences --- Applied Mathematics --- Mathematics --- Mathematics. --- History --- British Society for the History of Mathematics --- British Society for the History of Mathematics. --- Math --- Science --- BSHM
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Mathematics --- History --- British Society for the History of Mathematics --- Math --- Science --- BSHM --- Mathematics. --- British Society for the History of Mathematics. --- Mathématiques --- Histoire --- Mathématiques
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This is the first study of the history of Diophantine analysis and the theory of numbers from Ab? K?mil to Fermat (9th-17th century). It thus offers an elaborate and detailed overview on a fundamental chapter on classical mathematical thought and its relation to algebra and Diophantus' Arithmetica.
Diophantine analysis. --- Ancient arithmetics. --- Diophantus of Alexandria. --- diophantine analysis. --- history of mathematics.
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Um 1930 hat man entdeckt, dass einige babylonische Keilschrifttexte Rechnungen enthielten, wie sie beim Lösen quadratischer Gleichungen auftreten. Weil die Bedeutung der Terminologie im wesentlichen von den im Text enthaltenen Zahlen abgeleitet werden musste, hat dies dazu geführt, dass diese Texte als numerische Algebra interpretiert wurden. Diese Interpretation wurde erst angezweifelt, als der Autor des vorliegenden Buchs um 1982 entdeckte, dass sie mit der globalen Struktur der Terminologie inkompatibel ist. Es stellte sich heraus, dass zwei verschiedene und nicht synonyme Operationen beide als Addition aufgefasst wurden; entsprechend wurden zwei subtraktive Operationen vermengt, und vier verschiedene Operationen wurden allesamt als ein und dieselbe Multiplikation aufgefasst. Stattdessen verweist die Struktur auf eine Technik, die auf der Geometrie von Quadraten und Rechtecken mit messbaren Seiten und Flächen aufbaut. Das vorliegende Buch analysiert verschiedene Texte in konformaler Übersetzung, also in einer Übersetzung, in welcher derselbe babylonische Ausdruck immer mit demselben Wort übersetzt wird und, was noch wichtiger ist, in welcher verschiedene Ausdrücke auch auf unterschiedliche Arten übersetzt sind. Philologische Details, die nur solchen Lesern nutzen, welche mit der Assyriologie vertraut sind,werden vermieden; allerdings werden diesen solche Informationen in einem eigenen Anhang zur Verfügung gestelt. Alle vorgestellten Texte stammen aus der zweiten Hälfte der altbabylonischen Periode, also von 1800 bis 1600 v.Chr. Gerade in dieser Periode erreichte die Algebra im Besonderen und die babylonische Mathematik im Allgemeinen ihren Höhepunkt. Selbst wenn einige jüngere Texte Ähnlichkeiten mit denen aus der altbabylonischen Zeit aufweisen, sind sie doch nur Überbleibsel. Außer der Analyse von Texten liefert das Buch eine allgemeine Charakterisierung der auftretenden Mathematik und stellt es in den Kontext der altbabylonischen Schreiberschule und deren besonderen Kultur. Endlich beschreibt das Buch den Ursprung der Disziplin und deren Wirkung auf die spätere Mathematik, nicht zuletzt die euklidische Geometrie und die echte Algebra, die im mittelalterlichen Islam erschaffen wurde und von der europäischen mittelalterlichen und Renaissance-Mathematik übernommen wurde.
MPRL --- MPIWG --- History of Science --- Open Access --- Edition Open Access --- Algebra --- Altbabylonische Mathematik --- Geschichte der Mathematik --- Mathematics --- History of Mathematics
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Until recently, only six of thirteen books comprising Diophantus' Arithmetica were known to us. Four other books in an Arabic translation have been discovered recently. We can now understand the organization of this work and its long-lasting impact on mathematics. The present book offers the first historical and mathematical study of the work as it has survived in ten books.
Diophante, --- Mathematics, Ancient --- Mathematics, Greek --- Greek mathematics --- Geometry --- Ancient mathematics --- Diophantus, --- Alexandria, Diophantus of --- Diofant, --- Diophantos, --- Diyūfanṭus, --- Διοφαντός, --- Mathematics, Greek. --- Diophante --- Diophantes Alexandrinus --- Diophantus --- Diophantos van Alexandrië --- Ancient arithmetics. --- Diophantus of Alexandria. --- diophantine analysis. --- history of mathematics.
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The essays collected in this volume focus on the role of formalist aspects in mathematical theorizing and practice, examining issues such as infinity, finiteness, and proof procedures, as well as central historical figures in the field, including Frege, Russell, Hilbert and Wittgenstein. Using modern logico-philosophical tools and systematic conceptual and logical analyses, the volume provides a thorough, up-to-date account of the subject.
Mathematics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Logic of mathematics --- Mathematics, Logic of --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy of mathematics. --- history of mathematics. --- mathematics.
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Our understanding of science, mathematics, and medicine today can be deeply enriched by studying the historical roots of these areas of inquiry in the ancient Near East and Mediterranean. The fields of ancient science and mathematics have in recent years witnessed remarkable growth. The present volume brings together contributions from more than thirty of the most important scholars working in these fields in the United States and Europe in honor of the eminent historian of ancient science and medicine Heinrich von Staden, Professor Emeritus of Classics and History of Science at the Institute of Advanced Study and William Lampson Professor Emeritus of Classics and Comparative Literature at Yale University. The papers range widely from Mesopotamia to Ancient Greece and Rome, from the first millennium B.C. to the early medieval period, and from mathematics to philosophy, mechanics to medicine, representing both a wide diversity of national traditions and the cutting edge of the international scholarly community.
Medicine, Greek and Roman. --- Greek medicine --- Medicine, Roman --- Medicine, Unani --- Roman medicine --- Tibb (Medicine) --- Unani medicine --- Unani-Tibb (Medicine) --- Medicine, Ancient --- Von Staden, Heinrich, --- Staden, Heinrich von, --- History of mathematics. --- history of medicine.
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Measured Words investigates the rich commerce between computation and writing that proliferated in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Italy. Arielle Saiber explores the relationship between number, shape, and the written word in the works of four exceptional thinkers: Leon Battista Alberti's treatis on cryptography, Luca Pacioli's ideal proportions for designing Roman capital letters, Niccolò Tartaglia's poem embedding his solution to solving cubic equations, and Giambattista Della Porta's curious study on the elements of geometric curves. Although they came from different social classes and practiced the mathematical and literary arts at differing levels of sophistication, they were all guided by a sense that there exist deep ontological and epistemological bonds between computational and verbal thinking and production. Their shared view that a network or continuity exists between the arts yielded extraordinary results. Through measuring their words, literally and figuratively, they are models of what the very best interdisciplinary work can offer us.
Mathematical literature --- Mathematics --- History --- 1268-1789 --- Italy --- Italy. --- Intellectual life --- Giambattista Della Porta. --- Italian history. --- Leon Battista Alberti. --- Luca Pacioli. --- Niccolò Tartaglia. --- Renaissance art history. --- computation. --- cryptography. --- cubic equations. --- history of mathematics. --- literature. --- math.
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