Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

When is clinical research in developing countries exploitation? Exploitation is a concept in ordinary moral thought that has not often been analyzed outside the Marxist tradition. Yet it is commonly used to describe interactions that seem morally suspect in some way. A case in point is clinical research sponsored by developed countries and carried out in developing countries, with participants who are poor and sick, and lack education. Such individuals seem vulnerable to abuse. But does this, by itself, make such research exploitative? Exploitation and Developing Countries is an attempt by philosophers and bioethicists to reflect on the meaning of exploitation, to ask whether and when clinical research in developing countries counts as exploitative, and to consider what can be done to minimize the possibility of exploitation in such circumstances. These reflections should interest clinical researchers, since locating the line between appropriate and inappropriate use of subjects--the line between exploitation and fair use--is the central question at the heart of research ethics. Reflection on this rich and important moral concept should also interest normative moral philosophers of a non-Marxist bent. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Richard J. Arneson, Alisa L. Carse, Margaret Olivia Little, Thomas Pogge, Andrew W. Siegel, and Alan Wertheimer.

Clinical trials --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Controlled clinical trials --- Patient trials of new treatments --- Randomized clinical trials --- Trials, Clinical --- Études cliniques --- Pulmonary Surfactants. --- Human Experimentation --- Hepatitis A Vaccines. --- Developing Countries. --- Clinical Trials as Topic --- Developing Nations --- Least Developed Countries --- Less-Developed Nations --- Third-World Nations --- Under-Developed Nations --- Less-Developed Countries --- Third-World Countries --- Under-Developed Countries --- Countries, Developing --- Countries, Least Developed --- Countries, Less-Developed --- Countries, Third-World --- Countries, Under-Developed --- Country, Developing --- Country, Least Developed --- Country, Less-Developed --- Country, Third-World --- Country, Under-Developed --- Developed Countries, Least --- Developed Country, Least --- Developing Country --- Developing Nation --- Least Developed Country --- Less Developed Countries --- Less Developed Nations --- Less-Developed Country --- Less-Developed Nation --- Nation, Less-Developed --- Nation, Third-World --- Nation, Under-Developed --- Nations, Developing --- Nations, Less-Developed --- Nations, Third-World --- Nations, Under-Developed --- Third World Countries --- Third World Nations --- Third-World Country --- Third-World Nation --- Under Developed Countries --- Under Developed Nations --- Under-Developed Country --- Under-Developed Nation --- Havrix --- Hepatitis A Vaccine --- Hepatovirus Vaccines --- Vaqta --- Vaccine, Hepatitis A --- Vaccines, Hepatitis A --- Vaccines, Hepatovirus --- Pulmonary Surfactant --- Surfactant, Pulmonary --- Surfactants, Pulmonary --- Surface-Active Agents --- Clinical medicine --- Human experimentation in medicine --- Aspect social --- ethics. --- Research --- Developing Countries --- Hepatitis A Vaccines --- Pulmonary Surfactants --- Études cliniques --- ethics --- Clinical trials - Moral and ethical aspects - Developing countries --- Clinical Trials as Topic - ethics --- Human Experimentation - ethics --- Études cliniques - Aspect social - Pays en voie de développement

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is responsible for around half of the total number of hepatitis infections diagnosed worldwide. HAV infection is mainly propagated via the fecal-oral route, and as a consequence of globalization, transnational outbreaks of foodborne infections are reported with increasing frequency. Therefore, in this review, state-of-the-art information on the molecular procedures for HAV detection in food, and the efficacy of common food manufacturing processes are compiled. The purpose of this Brief is to consolidate basic information on various aspects of HAV and to provide a guideline for its prevention and control across the food supply chain from pre-harvest to manufacturing.

Food -- Microbiology. --- Food -- Safety measures. --- Food adulteration and inspection. --- Hepatitis A virus. --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Hepatitis A. --- Foodborne diseases --- Virus diseases. --- Molecular diagnosis. --- Viral diseases --- Viral infections --- Virus infections --- Food-borne diseases --- Foodborne illnesses --- Acute catarrhal jaundice --- Epidemic hepatitis --- Hepatitis, Infectious --- Infectious hepatitis --- Infectious jaundice --- Medicine. --- Virology. --- Food --- Public health. --- Infectious diseases. --- Biomedicine. --- Food Science. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Public Health. --- Biotechnology. --- Communicable diseases --- Medical virology --- Pathogenic viruses --- Enterovirus diseases --- Hepatitis, Viral --- Medical virology. --- Food science. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Science --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Food—Biotechnology. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Microbiology