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A “genotype"" is essentially an organism's full hereditary information which is obtained from its parents. A ""phenotype"" is an organism's actual observed physical and behavioral properties. These may include traits such as morphology, size, height, eye color, metabolism, etc. One of the pressing challenges in computational and systems biology is genotype-to-phenotype prediction. This is challenging given the amount of data generated by modern Omics technologies. This “Big Data” is so large and complex that traditional data processing applications are not up to the task. Challenges arise in collection, analysis, mining, sharing, transfer, visualization, archiving, and integration of these data. In this Special Issue, there is a focus on the systems-level analysis of Omics data, recent developments in gene ontology annotation, and advances in biological pathways and network biology. The integration of Omics data with clinical and biomedical data using machine learning is explored. This Special Issue covers new methodologies in the context of gene–environment interactions, tissue-specific gene expression, and how external factors or host genetics impact the microbiome.

precision medicine informatics --- n/a --- drug sensitivity --- chromatin modification --- cell lines --- biocuration --- neurodegeneration --- multivariate analysis --- artificial intelligence --- epigenetics --- missing data --- sequencing --- clinical data --- class imbalance --- integrative analytics --- algorithm development for network integration --- deep phenotype --- non-omics data --- feature selection --- Gene Ontology --- miRNA–gene expression networks --- omics data --- plot visualization --- Alzheimer’s disease --- tissue classification --- epidemiological data --- proteomic analysis --- genotype --- RNA expression --- indirect effect --- multi-omics --- dementia --- multiomics integration --- data integration --- phenomics --- network topology analysis --- challenges --- transcriptome --- enrichment analysis --- regulatory genomics --- scalability --- heterogeneous data --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- database --- microtubule-associated protein tau --- disease variants --- genomics --- joint modeling --- distance correlation --- annotation --- phenotype --- direct effect --- curse of dimensionality --- gene–environment interactions --- logic forest --- machine learning --- KEGG pathways --- multivariate causal mediation --- amyloid-beta --- bioinformatics pipelines --- support vector machine --- pharmacogenomics --- candidate genes --- tissue-specific expressed genes --- cognitive impairment --- causal inference --- miRNA-gene expression networks --- Alzheimer's disease --- gene-environment interactions

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This Special Issue entitled “β-glucan in foods and health benefits” reports on the health benefits of indigestible carbohydrates with respect to metabolic diseases and immune functions. The effects of β-glucan have been investigated through the use isolated preparations or natural dietary fibers from whole grain cereals and brans, yeasts, or Euglena. This Special Issue includes original research articles that are based on human intervention studies that address the effects of β-glucan on metabolic diseases and immune function-related markers as well as in vitro and in vivo studies. It also reviews the health benefits of β-glucans in humans.

humans --- oat β-glucan --- acute glycemic response --- dietary fiber --- preload --- carbohydrates --- β-1,3-glucan --- Euglena gracilis --- Ca2+ signaling --- intestinal epithelial cell --- intravital imaging --- small intestine --- immune system --- barley --- β-glucan --- microarray --- short chain fatty acids --- lipid metabolism. --- low molecular weight --- fermentation --- prebiotics --- Autreobasidium pullulans --- β-1,3-1,6-glucan --- physiological function --- oat beta-glucan --- colitis --- Crohn’s disease --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- TLRs --- Dectin-1 --- rats --- L cell --- glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) --- glucose tolerance --- short-chain fatty acids --- sIgA --- microbiota --- randomized clinical trial --- symptoms --- gastrointestinal tract --- musculo-skeletal system --- oats --- oatmeal --- beta-glucan --- beta glucan --- health claim --- regulation --- food-health relationship --- gastritis --- inflammatory process --- antioxidant properties --- paramylon --- abdominal fat --- DNA microarray --- gene ontology --- PPAR signaling --- n/a --- Crohn's disease

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This Special Issue, “Approaches in Enhancing Antioxidant Defense in Plants” published 13 original research works and a couple of review articles that discuss the various aspects of plant oxidative stress biology and ROS metabolism, as well as the physiological mechanisms and approaches to enhancing antioxidant defense and mitigating oxidative stress. These papers will serve as a foundation for plant oxidative stress tolerance and, in the long term, provide further research directions in the development of crop plants’ tolerance to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.

melatonin --- water stress --- drought --- waterlogging --- abiotic stress --- antioxidants --- stress signaling --- phytohormones --- antioxidant --- biomolecules --- climate change --- reactive oxygen species --- halophytes --- soil salinity --- signaling molecules --- molybdenum --- cadmium stress --- photosynthetic pigments --- oxidative damage --- quality characters --- fragrant rice --- brassinosteroids --- chromium --- heavy metals --- rice --- adaptability --- heat stress --- water homeostasis --- hormone --- stoma --- transpiration --- antioxidant defense systems --- gene ontology --- miRNA --- 3D structures --- methyl jasmonate --- photosystem --- Brassica napus --- salinity stress --- antioxidant enzymes --- osmolytes --- ROS --- metabolites --- antioxidant defence --- ascorbate --- glutathione --- microspore embryogenesis --- Hordeum vulgare --- ×Triticosecale Wittm. --- nitric oxide --- iron-deficiency --- chlorosis --- alfalfa --- chilling --- legumes --- pollen --- stigma --- acclimatization --- stress --- Cr+6 bioremediation --- improved antioxidant activity --- plant growth promotion --- rhizobacteria --- superoxide dismutase --- potato --- AlphaFold --- salicylic acid --- Glycine max --- seed germination --- photosynthesis --- secondary metabolites --- salinity --- n/a

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This book—entitled “Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Gynecologic Cancer”—was edited as a Special Issue of Biomedicines, focusing on basic research such as genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics, as well as clinical research in the field of gynecologic oncology. The number of patients with gynecological cancer has been increasing worldwide due to its high lethality and lack of early detection tools and effective therapeutic interventions. In this regard, basic research on its pathophysiology and novel molecular targeting intervention is required to improve the prognosis of gynecologic cancer. This book contains 13 papers, including 8 original research papers and 5 reviews focusing on the basic research of gynecologic oncology. The reader can learn about state-of-the-art research and obtain extensive knowledge of the current advances in the field of gynecologic oncology. It is my hope that this book contributes towards the progress of gynecologic oncology.

nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NAC1) --- BEN (BANP, E5R and NAC1) domain --- sequence-specific DNA-binding protein --- solution NMR structure --- isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) --- human cytomegalovirus --- ovarian cancer --- cancer progression --- inflammation --- immunosuppression --- endometrial carcinoma --- immune micro-environment --- immune checkpoints inhibitors --- microsatellite instability --- mismatch repair deficiency --- platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH --- PLA2G7) --- BRCA1 mutant ovarian cancer --- Wnt signaling --- pGSK3β --- β-catenin --- prognosis --- vulvar melanoma --- vaginal melanoma --- targeted therapy --- gynecological cancer --- melanoma treatment --- gene ontology --- epithelial ovarian cancers --- borderline ovarian tumors --- differentially expressed genes --- aryl hydrocarbon receptor --- epithelial–mesenchymal transition --- integrative analysis --- testin --- p16 protein --- cervical cancer --- cervical neoplasia --- immunohistochemistry --- chimeric antigen receptor --- CD44 --- adoptive immunotherapy --- NK cells --- epithelial ovarian cancer --- DNA damage response --- somatic mutation --- clear cell carcinoma --- endometrioid endometrial cancer --- DNA mismatch repair (MMR) --- MMR deficient (dMMR) --- long-term survival --- exosome --- miRNA --- biomarkers --- liquid biopsy --- interventional radiotherapy --- vaginal-cuff brachytherapy --- HDR brachytherapy --- in vivo dosimetry --- endometrial cancer --- biological planning --- drug repurposing --- non-coding RNAs --- nanocarriers --- anti-angiogenic therapy --- n/a --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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Advancements in high-throughput “Omics” techniques have revolutionized plant molecular biology research. Proteomics offers one of the best options for the functional analysis of translated regions of the genome, generating a wealth of detailed information regarding the intrinsic mechanisms of plant stress responses. Various proteomic approaches are being exploited extensively for elucidating master regulator proteins which play key roles in stress perception and signaling, and these approaches largely involve gel-based and gel-free techniques, including both label-based and label-free protein quantification. Furthermore, post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, and protein–protein interactions provide deeper insight into protein molecular function. Their diverse applications contribute to the revelation of new insights into plant molecular responses to various biotic and abiotic stressors.

14-3-3 proteins --- n/a --- targeted two-dimensional electrophoresis --- somatic embryogenesis --- nitrogen metabolism --- subtilase --- Sporisorium scitamineum --- non-orthodox seed --- antioxidant activity --- sweet potato plants infected by SPFMV --- photosynthesis --- B. acuminata petals --- chlorophyll deficiency --- seed proteomics --- imbibition --- pollination --- Sarpo Mira --- qRT-PCR --- holm oak --- tuber phosphoproteome --- isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) --- Quercus ilex --- nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase --- lettuce --- ?-subunit --- protein phosphatase --- germination --- drought stress --- pyruvate biosynthesis --- weakening of carbon metabolism --- differential proteins --- heterotrimeric G protein --- organ --- LC-MS-based proteomics --- potato proteomics --- smut --- gel-free/label-free proteomics --- ? subunit --- shotgun proteomics --- 2D --- chloroplast --- proteome functional annotation --- Phalaenopsis --- Clematis terniflora DC. --- wheat --- Dn1-1 --- carbon metabolism --- physiological responses --- Zea mays --- phenylpropanoid biosynthesis --- ISR --- mass spectrometric analysis --- patatin --- leaf --- pea (Pisum sativum L.) --- maize --- ergosterol --- Camellia sinensis --- seed storage proteins --- silver nanoparticles --- elevated CO2 --- metacaspase --- SPV2 and SPVG --- SnRK1 --- MALDI-TOF/TOF --- (phospho)-proteomics --- leaf spot --- rice isogenic line --- wheat leaf rust --- pathway analysis --- phosphoproteome --- sugarcane --- senescence --- Oryza sativa L. --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- heat stress --- gene ontology --- innate immunity --- Pseudomonas syringae --- bolting --- chlorophylls --- shoot --- Simmondsia chinensis --- RT-qPCR --- stresses responses --- Solanum tuberosum --- seeds --- GC-TOF-MS --- sucrose --- proteome --- Puccinia recondita --- cultivar --- Zea mays L. --- secondary metabolism --- ROS --- Ricinus communis L. --- after-ripening --- cadmium --- Stagonospora nodorum --- virus induced gene silencing --- quantitative proteomics --- sweet potato plants non-infected by SPFMV --- affinity chromatography --- population variability --- GS3 --- fungal perception --- ammonium --- transcriptome profiling --- mass spectrometry analysis --- papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) --- cold stress --- nitrate --- late blight disease --- early and late disease stages --- seed imbibition --- lesion mimic mutant --- protease --- proteome map --- seed dormancy --- petal --- 2-DE proteomics --- 2D DIGE --- root --- Phytophthora infestans --- differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) --- polyphenol oxidase --- degradome --- flavonoid --- 14-3-3 --- caspase-like --- proteomics --- RGG4 --- co-infection --- plasma membrane --- chlorotic mutation --- Medicago sativa --- RGG3 --- glycolysis --- barley --- 2-DE --- protein phosphorylation --- western blotting --- N utilization efficiency --- rice --- plant pathogenesis responses --- high temperature --- data-independent acquisition --- pattern recognition receptors --- vegetative storage proteins --- leaf cell wall proteome --- plant-derived smoke --- iTRAQ --- starch --- proteome profiling --- Morus