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Cyclic nucleotides control a number of neuronal properties including neuronal differentiation, pathfinding, regulation of excitability and synaptic transmission, and control of gene expression. Signaling events mediated by cAMP or cGMP are transient and take place within the complex 3-dimensional structure of the neuronal cell. Signaling events happen on the time scale of seconds to minutes and the biological significance of the temporal dimension remains poorly understood. Structural features of neurons (dendritic spines and branches, cell body, nucleus, axon…) as well as AKAPs and other scaffolding proteins that keep signaling enzymes together and form "signaling microdomains", are critical spatial determinants of signal integration. Finally, the types of enzymes involved in signal integration, which are expressed as a number of different types and splice variants, yield another dimension that determines signal integration properties. Biosensor imaging provides direct temporal and spatial measurement of intracellular signals. This novel approach, together with more conventional methods such as biochemistry, electrophysiology, and modeling, now provide a better understanding of the spatial and temporal features of cyclic nucleotide signal integration in living neurons. This topic aims at providing a better understanding of how neurons are "making sense" of cyclic nucleotide signaling in living neurons.

Neurons --- Nerve cells --- Neurocytes --- Cells --- Nervous system --- rac GTP-Binding Proteins --- Dopamine --- biosensor imaging --- compartmentalization --- noradrenalin --- Cyclic GMP --- Cyclic AMP --- phosphodiesterases --- Endocannabinoids

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The Rho GTPases in Cancer is the first volume to collect and summarize the current understanding of the Rho GTPases and their involvement in the progression of human cancer. The critical role of the Rho GTPases, their regulatory proteins, and their effectors in cancer progression has become increasingly evident over the past decade. As translational research increases on these proteins, their importance as keystone molecules in vital cellular process is highlighted. Thus, these molecules represent a major class of potential therapeutic targets that could be exploited clinically. This aspect of Rho GTPase biology is developing, therefore the contents of The Rho GTPases in Cancer should prove of interest to clinicians and members of the cancer research community wishing to develop new treatments for cancer.

Cancer -- Etiology. --- Rho GTPases --- Cancer --- Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins --- Diseases --- rho GTP-Binding Proteins --- Neoplasms --- GTP-Binding Proteins --- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins --- GTP Phosphohydrolases --- Peptides --- Proteins --- Carrier Proteins --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Acid Anhydride Hydrolases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Hydrolases --- Enzymes --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Medicine --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Oncology --- Animal Biochemistry --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Etiology --- Rho GTPases. --- G proteins. --- GTP-binding proteins --- GTP regulatory proteins --- Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins --- Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins --- Rho G proteins --- Rho GTP-binding proteins --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Pharmacology. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Membrane proteins --- G proteins --- Guanosine triphosphatase --- Oncology. --- Cytology. --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Cancer research --- Physiological effect

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Biochemistry. --- Chemistry --- Life Sciences --- Biochemistry --- Biology --- General biochemistry --- General biophysics --- Biochimie --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- MDBIOCHE --- Molecular biology. --- SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, BIOLOGICAL --- HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS --- GTP-BINDING PROTEINS --- CELL MEMBRANE --- NITROGEN OXIDE (NO) --- NEUROPEPTIDES --- GROWTH SUBSTANCES --- PLANT CELL --- Biochemie.

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in many processes in the human body relevant to health and disease, and consequently are the targets of approximately 70% of pharmacological therapeutics and a major source of new drug candidates. In The G Protein-Coupled Receptors Handbook, leading academic researchers comprehensively survey the many recent advances that have occurred in the GPCR field. The authors describe the current knowledge of GPCR receptor structure and function, the different mechanisms involved in the regulation of GPCR function, and the role of pharmacological chaperones in GPCR folding and maturation. They present new findings about how GPCR dimerization/oligomerization modifies the properties of individual receptors, and show how recent developments are leading to significant advances in drug discovery. They also discuss the most recent developments that could lead to new discoveries: the role of GPCRs in mediating pain, the development of receptor-type selective drugs based on the structural plasticity of receptor activation, and the identification of natural ligands of orphan GPCRs (deorphanization) as possible drug targets. Authoritative and cutting-edge, The G Protein-Coupled Receptors Handbook offers pharmacologists, biochemists, and neuroscientists an exhaustive review of the progress made in understanding how GPCRs are activated and regulated, key factors in exploiting GPCRs for drug development.

G proteins --- Receptors --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Biomedicine. --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Nervous system --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- GTP-binding proteins --- GTP regulatory proteins --- Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins --- Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins --- Membrane proteins

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This second of two volumes discusses subfamily proteins involved in nucleo-cytoplasmic and vesicular transport mechanisms inside the cell. In this volume, the focus lies on the Rab, Ran and Arf subfamily members. Like Volume 1, the book was written by internationally renowned scientists in the field of small G-proteins. The biochemistry, structure, function and G-protein/effector interactions are described in detailed reviews. Together with Volume 1, this book provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art work on small G-proteins (GTPases). It was written for graduates and professors in biochemistry and cell biology interested in the mechanism and function of small G-proteins, but also offers an extremely valuable resource for those readers who are new to the field.

G proteins. --- Ras proteins. --- G proteins --- Guanosine triphosphatase --- GTP-binding proteins --- GTP regulatory proteins --- Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins --- Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins --- Membrane proteins --- Cytology. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell Biology. --- Protein Science. --- Protein Structure. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Composition --- Cell biology. --- Proteins . --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics