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This book presents the theory of anticipation, and establishes anticipation of the future as a legitimate topic of research. It examines anticipatory behavior, i.e. a behavior that ‘uses’ the future in its actual decisional process. The book shows that anticipation violates neither the ontological order of time nor causation. It explores the question of how different kinds of systems anticipate, and examines the risks and uses of such anticipatory practices.   The book first summarizes the research on anticipation conducted within a range of different disciplines, and describes the connection between the anticipatory point of view and futures studies. Following that, its chapters on Wholes, Time and Emergence, make explicit the ontological framework within which anticipation finds its place. It then goes on to discuss Systems, Complexity, and the Modeling Relation, and provides the scientific background supporting anticipation. It restricts formal technicalities to one chapter, and presents those technicalities twice, in formal and plain words to advance understanding. The final chapter shows that all the threads presented in the previous chapters naturally converge toward what has come to be called “Discipline of Anticipation”.

Future, The --- Expectation (Philosophy) --- Expectation (Psychology) --- Social aspects. --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Anticipation (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Time --- Social sciences --- Consciousness. --- Ontology. --- Philosophy of the Social Sciences. --- Personality and Social Psychology. --- Being --- Metaphysics --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Substance (Philosophy) --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Psychology --- Spirit --- Self --- Social philosophy --- Social theory --- Philosophy. --- Philosophy and social sciences. --- Personality. --- Social psychology. --- Mass psychology --- Psychology, Social --- Human ecology --- Social groups --- Sociology --- Personal identity --- Personality psychology --- Personality theory --- Personality traits --- Personology --- Traits, Personality --- Individuality --- Persons --- Temperament --- Social sciences and philosophy

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Anticipatory behavior in adaptive learning systems is steadily gaining the - terest of scientists, although many researchers still do not explicitly consider the actual anticipatory capabilities of their systems. Similarly to the previous two workshops, the third workshop on anticipatory behavior in adaptive lea- ing systems (ABiALS 2006) has shown yet again that the similarities between di?erent anticipatory mechanisms in diverse cognitive systems are striking. The discussions and presentations on the workshop day of September 30th, 2006, during the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior Conference (SAB 2006), con?rmed that the investigations into anticipatory cognitive mechanisms for behavior and learning strongly overlap among researchers from various disciplines, including the whole interdisciplinary cognitive science area. Thus, further conceptualizations of anticipatory mechanisms seem man- tory. The introductory chapter of this volume therefore does not only provide an overview of the contributions included in this volume but also proposes a taxonomy of how anticipatory mechanisms can improve adaptive behavior and learning in cognitive systems. During the workshop it became clear that ant- ipations are involved in various cognitive processes that range from individual anticipatory mechanisms to social anticipatory behavior. This book re?ects this structure by ?rst providing neuroscienti?c as well as psychological evidence for anticipatorymechanismsinvolvedinbehavior,learning,language,andcognition. Next,individualpredictivecapabilitiesandanticipatorybehaviorcapabilitiesare investigated. Finally, anticipation relevant in social interaction is studied.

Machine learning --- Expectation (Philosophy) --- Apprentissage automatique --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Computer Science --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Mechanical Engineering --- Information Technology --- Artificial Intelligence --- Anticipation (Philosophy) --- Computer science. --- Computers. --- Algorithms. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Application software. --- Computers and civilization. --- Control engineering. --- Robotics. --- Mechatronics. --- Computer Science. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Computer Appl. in Social and Behavioral Sciences. --- Computers and Society. --- Control, Robotics, Mechatronics. --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Informatics --- Science --- Mechanical engineering --- Microelectronics --- Microelectromechanical systems --- Automation --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Programmable controllers --- Civilization and computers --- Civilization --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Foundations --- Philosophy --- Computer software. --- Social sciences --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Data processing. --- Software, Computer