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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous virus that infects 95% of adults worldwide; the vast majority of persons have asymptomatic or non-specific primary infection and no complications associated with EBV during their lifetime. Some persons, particularly those who are infected as adolescents or young adults, develop infectious mononucleosis. EBV infects resting B cells and infection in vitro results in transformation and continuous proliferation of the cells, whereas infection in vivo results in a latent infection in which proliferation of the cells is controlled by virus-specific T cells and NK cells. Certain persons have mutations in genes that result in impaired cellular immunity involving the function of cytotoxic T cells or NK cells that result in impaired responses and failure to control EBV. These persons are at risk for fulminant infectious mononucleosis, EBV-associated hemophagocytosis, EBV B or T cell lymphoma, or other opportunistic infections. These genes encode proteins that are important for a variety of NK and T cell activities: T cell interactions with B cells, NK and T cell activation, NK and T cell cytotoxicity, priming and expansion of virus-specific T cells, and control of T cell apoptosis. For most of these diseases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been the only curative therapy. However, identification of certain immune deficiencies has led to new approaches to therapy such as drugs to inhibit overactive signaling pathways or supplemental magnesium for patients with mutations in a magnesium transporter. The study of these EBV-associated immune deficiencies identifies the importance of these proteins for the function of T and NK cells and may lead to novel approaches to therapy for EBV diseases.

Epstein-Barr virus --- immune deficiency --- lymphoproliferative disease --- hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis --- B-cell lymphoma

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Fatigue is quite a familiar sensation, one that everyone is likely to have experienced. Its molecular and neural mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, however, probably because of the complicated nature of its causes. To provide a broad forum for discussion, the International Conference on Fatigue Science was organized, the first being held in 2002 in Sandhamn, Sweden, and the second in 2005 in Karuizawa, Japan. Subsequently it was decided that the papers presented at the two conferences should be collected and incorporated in this pioneering work, Fatigue Science for Human Health. The book summarizes fatigue researchers' achievements, explains the status of the research on fatigue, and presents perspectives on remedies for chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. The result is an authoritative guide to recent progress in the molecular and neural mechanisms of fatigue and in the development of the ways to prevent and overcome fatigue and chronic fatigue. This book provides a valuable resource not only for physicians but for all who work in public health.

Fatigue --- Chronic fatigue syndrome --- Chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome --- Chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome --- Diseases --- Syndromes --- Epstein-Barr virus diseases --- Exhaustion --- Lassitude --- Tiredness --- Weariness --- Physiology --- Symptoms --- Rest

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Chronic fatigue syndrome --- Chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome --- Chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome --- Diseases --- Fatigue --- Syndromes --- Epstein-Barr virus diseases --- Patients --- King, Roger,

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This Special Issue on CFS/ME collects 18 papers with an interdisciplinary view on the current demographic and epidemiological data and immunological characteristics of CFS/ME and examines the different pathogenic hypotheses, as well as giving information about the latest knowledge on diagnostic investigations, pharmacological, integrative, physical, cognitive-behavioral and psychological curative approaches.

Chronic fatigue syndrome. --- Chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome --- Chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome --- Diseases --- Fatigue --- Syndromes --- Epstein-Barr virus diseases

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This SpringerBrief is comprehensive account of the functions and effects of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA1 protein that relate to EBV-associated cancers and evidence for EBNA1 contributions to these cancers.   EBNA1 was the first EBV protein detected and the most critical for EBV latent infection. EBNA1 fulfills multiple functions at EBV genomes which have been described in many (sometimes confusing) reports over the last 28 years. While these were initially thought to be the only roles of EBNA1, many reports in recent years have shown that EBNA1 also directly affects cellular processes in ways that would be expected to contribute to oncogenesis. However, the degree to which EBNA1 promotes cell survival and oncogenesis in various types of human tumours is not entirely clear and a matter of debate. This book offers a current synopsis of EBNA1 functions in EBV latency, including functions in DNA replication, mitotic segregation and transcription. Mechanisms of these EBNA1 functions is also discussed as well as implications for tumourigenesis. In addition, the cellular effects of EBNA1 will be reviewed, including how EBNA1 manipulates specific cellular proteins and relationships to EBV-associated lymphomas and carcinomas.

Carcinogenesis. --- Cell transformation, Neoplastic. --- Herpesvirus 4, Human. --- Epstein-Barr virus diseases --- Biology --- Antigens, Nuclear --- Lymphocryptovirus --- Antigens --- Gammaherpesvirinae --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Biological Factors --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Herpesviridae --- DNA Viruses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Viruses --- Organisms --- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens --- Herpesvirus 4, Human --- Genetics --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Epstein-Barr virus diseases. --- Cancer. --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- EBV diseases --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Medical microbiology. --- Virology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Tumors --- Herpesvirus diseases --- Chronic fatigue syndrome --- Oncology. --- Medical virology. --- Microbiology. --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Microbiology --- Cancer research